Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in predicting anatomical closure patterns following idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 61 eyes of 61 patients who underwent successful MH sur...

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Main Authors: Ece Ozal, Serhat Ermis, Cengiz Gul, Burakhan Kursat Aksoy, Murat Karapapak, Sadık Altan Ozal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04218-1
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author Ece Ozal
Serhat Ermis
Cengiz Gul
Burakhan Kursat Aksoy
Murat Karapapak
Sadık Altan Ozal
author_facet Ece Ozal
Serhat Ermis
Cengiz Gul
Burakhan Kursat Aksoy
Murat Karapapak
Sadık Altan Ozal
author_sort Ece Ozal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in predicting anatomical closure patterns following idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 61 eyes of 61 patients who underwent successful MH surgery were analyzed. Preoperatively, OCT-derived linear measurements and calculated indices, including the macular hole index (MHI), tractional hole index (THI), diameter hole index (DHI), hole form factor (HFF), and macular hole closure index (MHCI), as well as newly developed area-based indices such as the macular hole area index (MAI), macular hole tissue area index (MTAI), and macular hole cystoid space area index (MCSAI), were recorded. Anatomical closure was categorized into three types at the postoperative 6-month follow-up based on the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ): Type 1 (T1) (intact ELM and EZ), Type 2 (T2) (intact ELM and disrupted EZ), and Type 3 (T3) (disrupted ELM and EZ). Results Among closure types, statistically significant differences were observed in OCT parameters, particularly in MHI, THI, DHI, and HFF. T1 closures exhibited significantly higher MHI and HFF compared to T3 (p < 0.05). THI was significantly higher in T1 compared to T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations were found between visual acuity gain or postoperative BCVA at 6 months and any of the OCT indices evaluated. Conclusion Preoperative OCT parameters, specifically MHI, HFF, and THI, effectively predicted anatomical closure patterns following MH surgery. However, their prognostic value for visual acuity improvement was limited. The anatomical closure alone does not ensure favorable visual outcomes; therefore, evaluating the restoration of outer retinal layers (ELM and EZ) is crucial.
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spelling doaj-art-3b6a19e34e024e3f9207c804c0ff38c32025-08-20T03:45:23ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-07-012511810.1186/s12886-025-04218-1Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parametersEce Ozal0Serhat Ermis1Cengiz Gul2Burakhan Kursat Aksoy3Murat Karapapak4Sadık Altan Ozal5Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City HospitalAbstract Purpose To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in predicting anatomical closure patterns following idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, 61 eyes of 61 patients who underwent successful MH surgery were analyzed. Preoperatively, OCT-derived linear measurements and calculated indices, including the macular hole index (MHI), tractional hole index (THI), diameter hole index (DHI), hole form factor (HFF), and macular hole closure index (MHCI), as well as newly developed area-based indices such as the macular hole area index (MAI), macular hole tissue area index (MTAI), and macular hole cystoid space area index (MCSAI), were recorded. Anatomical closure was categorized into three types at the postoperative 6-month follow-up based on the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ): Type 1 (T1) (intact ELM and EZ), Type 2 (T2) (intact ELM and disrupted EZ), and Type 3 (T3) (disrupted ELM and EZ). Results Among closure types, statistically significant differences were observed in OCT parameters, particularly in MHI, THI, DHI, and HFF. T1 closures exhibited significantly higher MHI and HFF compared to T3 (p < 0.05). THI was significantly higher in T1 compared to T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations were found between visual acuity gain or postoperative BCVA at 6 months and any of the OCT indices evaluated. Conclusion Preoperative OCT parameters, specifically MHI, HFF, and THI, effectively predicted anatomical closure patterns following MH surgery. However, their prognostic value for visual acuity improvement was limited. The anatomical closure alone does not ensure favorable visual outcomes; therefore, evaluating the restoration of outer retinal layers (ELM and EZ) is crucial.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04218-1Full-thickness macular holeSpectral‑domain optical coherence tomographyArea indexAnatomical success
spellingShingle Ece Ozal
Serhat Ermis
Cengiz Gul
Burakhan Kursat Aksoy
Murat Karapapak
Sadık Altan Ozal
Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
BMC Ophthalmology
Full-thickness macular hole
Spectral‑domain optical coherence tomography
Area index
Anatomical success
title Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
title_full Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
title_fullStr Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
title_full_unstemmed Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
title_short Predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
title_sort predicting anatomical success and retinal restoration following macular hole surgery using optical coherence tomography parameters
topic Full-thickness macular hole
Spectral‑domain optical coherence tomography
Area index
Anatomical success
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04218-1
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