Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows

IntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxi...

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Main Authors: Guoqing Zhao, Hongxia Li, Liwei Huang, Yu Cheng, Jia Liu, Ruigao Song, Xi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/full
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author Guoqing Zhao
Hongxia Li
Liwei Huang
Yu Cheng
Jia Liu
Ruigao Song
Xi Wang
author_facet Guoqing Zhao
Hongxia Li
Liwei Huang
Yu Cheng
Jia Liu
Ruigao Song
Xi Wang
author_sort Guoqing Zhao
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we performed a multi-omics analysis to determine the effects of GYS on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in cows with SCM.MethodsA total of 32 Holstein cows were divided into four groups of 8 cows each, including healthy control group, subclinical mastitis group, GYS treatment group (290 g/day) and ceftiofur treatment group (2.2 mg/kg bw).ResultsGYS significantly increased milk yield, lactose and milk protein, and decreased somatic cell count (SCC) in milk from cows with SCM. In the serum, GYS decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, there was an increase in UCG-010 and Blautia and a decrease in Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and Agathobacter in feces after GYS treatment. Fecal untargeted metabolomics showed that GYS supplementation mainly downregulated inflammation-related metabolism, including arachidonic acid and choline metabolism.DiscussionIn the treatment of SCM, GYS showed multi-target therapeutic advantages of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties compared to antibiotics. Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 may be involved in the regulation of inflammation through 3-oxo-Δ4bile acids and phosphatidylcholine.
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spelling doaj-art-3b610ec49fbc4654bf69149f54edc8132025-08-20T03:11:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15899001589900Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cowsGuoqing Zhao0Hongxia Li1Liwei Huang2Yu Cheng3Jia Liu4Ruigao Song5Xi Wang6College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaIntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we performed a multi-omics analysis to determine the effects of GYS on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in cows with SCM.MethodsA total of 32 Holstein cows were divided into four groups of 8 cows each, including healthy control group, subclinical mastitis group, GYS treatment group (290 g/day) and ceftiofur treatment group (2.2 mg/kg bw).ResultsGYS significantly increased milk yield, lactose and milk protein, and decreased somatic cell count (SCC) in milk from cows with SCM. In the serum, GYS decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, there was an increase in UCG-010 and Blautia and a decrease in Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and Agathobacter in feces after GYS treatment. Fecal untargeted metabolomics showed that GYS supplementation mainly downregulated inflammation-related metabolism, including arachidonic acid and choline metabolism.DiscussionIn the treatment of SCM, GYS showed multi-target therapeutic advantages of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties compared to antibiotics. Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 may be involved in the regulation of inflammation through 3-oxo-Δ4bile acids and phosphatidylcholine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/fulldairy cowssubclinical mastitisGongying Sanintestinal microbiotametabonomics
spellingShingle Guoqing Zhao
Hongxia Li
Liwei Huang
Yu Cheng
Jia Liu
Ruigao Song
Xi Wang
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
dairy cows
subclinical mastitis
Gongying San
intestinal microbiota
metabonomics
title Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
title_full Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
title_fullStr Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
title_full_unstemmed Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
title_short Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
title_sort integrated multi omics analysis reveals that gongying san ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
topic dairy cows
subclinical mastitis
Gongying San
intestinal microbiota
metabonomics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/full
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