Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows
IntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/full |
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| author | Guoqing Zhao Hongxia Li Liwei Huang Yu Cheng Jia Liu Ruigao Song Xi Wang |
| author_facet | Guoqing Zhao Hongxia Li Liwei Huang Yu Cheng Jia Liu Ruigao Song Xi Wang |
| author_sort | Guoqing Zhao |
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| description | IntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we performed a multi-omics analysis to determine the effects of GYS on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in cows with SCM.MethodsA total of 32 Holstein cows were divided into four groups of 8 cows each, including healthy control group, subclinical mastitis group, GYS treatment group (290 g/day) and ceftiofur treatment group (2.2 mg/kg bw).ResultsGYS significantly increased milk yield, lactose and milk protein, and decreased somatic cell count (SCC) in milk from cows with SCM. In the serum, GYS decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, there was an increase in UCG-010 and Blautia and a decrease in Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and Agathobacter in feces after GYS treatment. Fecal untargeted metabolomics showed that GYS supplementation mainly downregulated inflammation-related metabolism, including arachidonic acid and choline metabolism.DiscussionIn the treatment of SCM, GYS showed multi-target therapeutic advantages of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties compared to antibiotics. Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 may be involved in the regulation of inflammation through 3-oxo-Δ4bile acids and phosphatidylcholine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3b610ec49fbc4654bf69149f54edc813 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b610ec49fbc4654bf69149f54edc8132025-08-20T03:11:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15899001589900Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cowsGuoqing Zhao0Hongxia Li1Liwei Huang2Yu Cheng3Jia Liu4Ruigao Song5Xi Wang6College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaIntroductionSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is a common disease in dairy cows associated with dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response. Gongying San (GYS), a commonly used herbal formula for the treatment of mastitis, has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we performed a multi-omics analysis to determine the effects of GYS on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in cows with SCM.MethodsA total of 32 Holstein cows were divided into four groups of 8 cows each, including healthy control group, subclinical mastitis group, GYS treatment group (290 g/day) and ceftiofur treatment group (2.2 mg/kg bw).ResultsGYS significantly increased milk yield, lactose and milk protein, and decreased somatic cell count (SCC) in milk from cows with SCM. In the serum, GYS decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, there was an increase in UCG-010 and Blautia and a decrease in Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, and Agathobacter in feces after GYS treatment. Fecal untargeted metabolomics showed that GYS supplementation mainly downregulated inflammation-related metabolism, including arachidonic acid and choline metabolism.DiscussionIn the treatment of SCM, GYS showed multi-target therapeutic advantages of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties compared to antibiotics. Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 may be involved in the regulation of inflammation through 3-oxo-Δ4bile acids and phosphatidylcholine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/fulldairy cowssubclinical mastitisGongying Sanintestinal microbiotametabonomics |
| spellingShingle | Guoqing Zhao Hongxia Li Liwei Huang Yu Cheng Jia Liu Ruigao Song Xi Wang Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows Frontiers in Veterinary Science dairy cows subclinical mastitis Gongying San intestinal microbiota metabonomics |
| title | Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| title_full | Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| title_short | Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| title_sort | integrated multi omics analysis reveals that gongying san ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows |
| topic | dairy cows subclinical mastitis Gongying San intestinal microbiota metabonomics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1589900/full |
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