Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment

Organic production is becoming increasingly popular among producers in controlled environment agriculture. However, selecting a suitable fertilizer for organic production can be complicated, as commercially available organic fertilizers have widely different nutrient compositions. The goal of this s...

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Main Authors: Milon Chowdhury, Oliver Watson, Uttara C. Samarakoon, James E. Altland, Joanna Moine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) 2025-04-01
Series:HortScience
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Online Access:https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/60/5/article-p757.xml
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author Milon Chowdhury
Oliver Watson
Uttara C. Samarakoon
James E. Altland
Joanna Moine
author_facet Milon Chowdhury
Oliver Watson
Uttara C. Samarakoon
James E. Altland
Joanna Moine
author_sort Milon Chowdhury
collection DOAJ
description Organic production is becoming increasingly popular among producers in controlled environment agriculture. However, selecting a suitable fertilizer for organic production can be complicated, as commercially available organic fertilizers have widely different nutrient compositions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several liquid organic fertilizers and compare their performance with a synthetic fertilizer for growing lettuce and dwarf tomato in containerized production systems under a controlled environment. Two consecutive experiments were conducted. In Expt. 1, three commercial liquid organic fertilizers [earthworm castings (F1), sugarcane molasses (F2), and fish emulsion (F3)] were evaluated under two different containerized systems [Dutch bucket (DB) and regular plastic container (RPC)]. The best-performing fertilizers (F1, F2) were then compared with synthetic fertilizer (F4) in Expt. 2. In Expt. 1, lettuce was harvested 14 and 28 days after transplanting to assess shoot growth. In Expt. 2, dwarf tomato was also considered along with the lettuce, which were harvested 60 and 30 days after transplanting, respectively. Besides evaluating the regular growth parameters in both experiments, lettuce leaf tissue and leachate analyses were performed in Expt. 2. In Expt. 1, the F1 fertilizer outperformed F2 and F3, resulting in a 28% and 32% higher fresh weight in the DB system, and a 57% and 41% higher fresh weight in the RPC system, respectively. In addition, F1 led to improvements in the RPC system compared with the DB system, with increases of 28% in fresh weight, 20% in dry weight, 48% in leaf area, 26% in shoot width, 126% in root fresh weight, and 47% in root length. In Expt. 2, results showed that F1 performed similar to or better than F4 for growing lettuce and dwarf tomatoes in container hydroponic systems. Leaf tissue and leachate analyses also showed similar results. The findings of this study indicate that synthetic fertilizer could be replaced by some liquid organic fertilizers, and a single organic fertilizer could be used instead of several for organic leafy green production. Fruit crops such as tomato may require more than one organic fertilizer to provide the correct ratio of all nutrients.
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publisher American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)
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spelling doaj-art-3b5dc6ccbd25449da5e5e55c138daa332025-08-20T02:12:57ZengAmerican Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)HortScience2327-98342025-04-01605https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18466-25Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled EnvironmentMilon Chowdhury0Oliver Watson1Uttara C. Samarakoon2James E. Altland3Joanna Moine4Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State UniversityAgricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State UniversityAgricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State UniversityUSDA Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH 44691, USAAgricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State UniversityOrganic production is becoming increasingly popular among producers in controlled environment agriculture. However, selecting a suitable fertilizer for organic production can be complicated, as commercially available organic fertilizers have widely different nutrient compositions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several liquid organic fertilizers and compare their performance with a synthetic fertilizer for growing lettuce and dwarf tomato in containerized production systems under a controlled environment. Two consecutive experiments were conducted. In Expt. 1, three commercial liquid organic fertilizers [earthworm castings (F1), sugarcane molasses (F2), and fish emulsion (F3)] were evaluated under two different containerized systems [Dutch bucket (DB) and regular plastic container (RPC)]. The best-performing fertilizers (F1, F2) were then compared with synthetic fertilizer (F4) in Expt. 2. In Expt. 1, lettuce was harvested 14 and 28 days after transplanting to assess shoot growth. In Expt. 2, dwarf tomato was also considered along with the lettuce, which were harvested 60 and 30 days after transplanting, respectively. Besides evaluating the regular growth parameters in both experiments, lettuce leaf tissue and leachate analyses were performed in Expt. 2. In Expt. 1, the F1 fertilizer outperformed F2 and F3, resulting in a 28% and 32% higher fresh weight in the DB system, and a 57% and 41% higher fresh weight in the RPC system, respectively. In addition, F1 led to improvements in the RPC system compared with the DB system, with increases of 28% in fresh weight, 20% in dry weight, 48% in leaf area, 26% in shoot width, 126% in root fresh weight, and 47% in root length. In Expt. 2, results showed that F1 performed similar to or better than F4 for growing lettuce and dwarf tomatoes in container hydroponic systems. Leaf tissue and leachate analyses also showed similar results. The findings of this study indicate that synthetic fertilizer could be replaced by some liquid organic fertilizers, and a single organic fertilizer could be used instead of several for organic leafy green production. Fruit crops such as tomato may require more than one organic fertilizer to provide the correct ratio of all nutrients.https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/60/5/article-p757.xmldutch bucket systemdwarf tomatolettucemacronutrientsmicronutrientssynthetic fertilizer
spellingShingle Milon Chowdhury
Oliver Watson
Uttara C. Samarakoon
James E. Altland
Joanna Moine
Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
HortScience
dutch bucket system
dwarf tomato
lettuce
macronutrients
micronutrients
synthetic fertilizer
title Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
title_full Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
title_fullStr Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
title_short Evaluation of Liquid Organic Fertilizers for Containerized Production under Controlled Environment
title_sort evaluation of liquid organic fertilizers for containerized production under controlled environment
topic dutch bucket system
dwarf tomato
lettuce
macronutrients
micronutrients
synthetic fertilizer
url https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/60/5/article-p757.xml
work_keys_str_mv AT milonchowdhury evaluationofliquidorganicfertilizersforcontainerizedproductionundercontrolledenvironment
AT oliverwatson evaluationofliquidorganicfertilizersforcontainerizedproductionundercontrolledenvironment
AT uttaracsamarakoon evaluationofliquidorganicfertilizersforcontainerizedproductionundercontrolledenvironment
AT jamesealtland evaluationofliquidorganicfertilizersforcontainerizedproductionundercontrolledenvironment
AT joannamoine evaluationofliquidorganicfertilizersforcontainerizedproductionundercontrolledenvironment