Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of oil and food around the world, and the testa color affects its appearance and commercial value. However, few studies focused on the mechanism of pigment formation in peanut testa. In this study, cultivars Shanhua 15 with pink testa and Zhonghua...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5883901 |
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| author | Qiqin Xue Xiurong Zhang Hui Yang Huadong Li Yuying Lv Kun Zhang Yongguang Liu Fengzhen Liu Yongshan Wan |
| author_facet | Qiqin Xue Xiurong Zhang Hui Yang Huadong Li Yuying Lv Kun Zhang Yongguang Liu Fengzhen Liu Yongshan Wan |
| author_sort | Qiqin Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of oil and food around the world, and the testa color affects its appearance and commercial value. However, few studies focused on the mechanism of pigment formation in peanut testa. In this study, cultivars Shanhua 15 with pink testa and Zhonghua 12 with red testa were used as materials to perform the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 198 flavonoid metabolites were detected, among which petunidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin O-acetylhexoside in Zhonghua12 were 15.23 and 14.72 times higher than those of Shanhua 15 at the R7 stage, revealing the anthocyanins underlying the red testa. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6059 and 3153 differentially expressed genes between Shanhua 15 and Zhonghua 12 in different growth periods, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated CHS gene (arahy.CM90T6), F3′H genes (arahy. 8F7PE4 and arahy. K8H9R8), and DFR genes (arahy. LDV9QN and arahy. X8EVF3) may be the key functional genes controlling the formation of pink and red testa in peanut. Transcription factors MYB (arahy.A2IWKV, arahy.US2SKM, arahy.SJGE27, arahy.H8DJRL, and arahy.PR7AYB), bHLH (arahy.26781N, arahy.HM1IVV, and arahy.MP3D3D), and WD40 (arahy.L6JJW9) in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin were significantly upregulated in Zhonghua 12 which may be the key regulatory genes in testa pigment formation. This is a comprehensive analysis on flavonoid metabolites and related genes expression in peanut testa, providing reference for revealing the regulatory mechanism of pigment accumulation in peanut testa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3b2cee77aa314c4aac6e12409e7a5a4b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-436X 2314-4378 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b2cee77aa314c4aac6e12409e7a5a4b2025-02-03T05:43:46ZengWileyInternational Journal of Genomics2314-436X2314-43782021-01-01202110.1155/2021/58839015883901Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Qiqin Xue0Xiurong Zhang1Hui Yang2Huadong Li3Yuying Lv4Kun Zhang5Yongguang Liu6Fengzhen Liu7Yongshan Wan8State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaWeifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong, ChinaPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of oil and food around the world, and the testa color affects its appearance and commercial value. However, few studies focused on the mechanism of pigment formation in peanut testa. In this study, cultivars Shanhua 15 with pink testa and Zhonghua 12 with red testa were used as materials to perform the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 198 flavonoid metabolites were detected, among which petunidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin O-acetylhexoside in Zhonghua12 were 15.23 and 14.72 times higher than those of Shanhua 15 at the R7 stage, revealing the anthocyanins underlying the red testa. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6059 and 3153 differentially expressed genes between Shanhua 15 and Zhonghua 12 in different growth periods, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated CHS gene (arahy.CM90T6), F3′H genes (arahy. 8F7PE4 and arahy. K8H9R8), and DFR genes (arahy. LDV9QN and arahy. X8EVF3) may be the key functional genes controlling the formation of pink and red testa in peanut. Transcription factors MYB (arahy.A2IWKV, arahy.US2SKM, arahy.SJGE27, arahy.H8DJRL, and arahy.PR7AYB), bHLH (arahy.26781N, arahy.HM1IVV, and arahy.MP3D3D), and WD40 (arahy.L6JJW9) in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin were significantly upregulated in Zhonghua 12 which may be the key regulatory genes in testa pigment formation. This is a comprehensive analysis on flavonoid metabolites and related genes expression in peanut testa, providing reference for revealing the regulatory mechanism of pigment accumulation in peanut testa.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5883901 |
| spellingShingle | Qiqin Xue Xiurong Zhang Hui Yang Huadong Li Yuying Lv Kun Zhang Yongguang Liu Fengzhen Liu Yongshan Wan Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) International Journal of Genomics |
| title | Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| title_full | Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| title_short | Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Unveil Anthocyanin Metabolism in Pink and Red Testa of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| title_sort | transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveil anthocyanin metabolism in pink and red testa of peanut arachis hypogaea l |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5883901 |
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