Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials
Abstract Graphene-based terahertz (THz) metamaterials (MMs) are at the forefront of high-sensitivity sensing, with applications spanning biochemical to environmental fields. This review examines recent advances in graphene MMs-based THz sensors, covering foundational theories and innovative designs,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Discover Nano |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04204-y |
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| author | Zesen Zhou Zhilong Gan Lei Cao |
| author_facet | Zesen Zhou Zhilong Gan Lei Cao |
| author_sort | Zesen Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Graphene-based terahertz (THz) metamaterials (MMs) are at the forefront of high-sensitivity sensing, with applications spanning biochemical to environmental fields. This review examines recent advances in graphene MMs-based THz sensors, covering foundational theories and innovative designs, from complex patterns to graphene-dielectric and graphene-metal hybrids. We explore ultra-trace detection enabled by $$\pi$$ π - $$\pi$$ π stacking mechanisms, expanding capabilities beyond conventional refractive index-based methods. Despite significant theoretical progress, practical challenges remain due to material constraints; solutions such as multilayer graphene structures and hybrid low-mobility designs are discussed to enhance experimental feasibility. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the evolving impact of graphene MMs, positioning them as transformative tools in multidisciplinary THz sensing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3b2a7ff662244c12a4c60b9d16a4fefd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2731-9229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Nano |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b2a7ff662244c12a4c60b9d16a4fefd2025-08-20T02:48:33ZengSpringerDiscover Nano2731-92292025-02-0120112510.1186/s11671-025-04204-yRecent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterialsZesen Zhou0Zhilong Gan1Lei Cao2State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Graphene-based terahertz (THz) metamaterials (MMs) are at the forefront of high-sensitivity sensing, with applications spanning biochemical to environmental fields. This review examines recent advances in graphene MMs-based THz sensors, covering foundational theories and innovative designs, from complex patterns to graphene-dielectric and graphene-metal hybrids. We explore ultra-trace detection enabled by $$\pi$$ π - $$\pi$$ π stacking mechanisms, expanding capabilities beyond conventional refractive index-based methods. Despite significant theoretical progress, practical challenges remain due to material constraints; solutions such as multilayer graphene structures and hybrid low-mobility designs are discussed to enhance experimental feasibility. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the evolving impact of graphene MMs, positioning them as transformative tools in multidisciplinary THz sensing.https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04204-yGrapheneMetamaterialTerahertzSensing |
| spellingShingle | Zesen Zhou Zhilong Gan Lei Cao Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials Discover Nano Graphene Metamaterial Terahertz Sensing |
| title | Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| title_full | Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| title_fullStr | Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| title_short | Recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| title_sort | recent progress in terahertz sensors based on graphene metamaterials |
| topic | Graphene Metamaterial Terahertz Sensing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-025-04204-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zesenzhou recentprogressinterahertzsensorsbasedongraphenemetamaterials AT zhilonggan recentprogressinterahertzsensorsbasedongraphenemetamaterials AT leicao recentprogressinterahertzsensorsbasedongraphenemetamaterials |