Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi

Litchi chinensis Sonn. is an important economic fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions. Regrettably, the efficiency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in litchi is typically low due to the poor conversion of embryos to plants. The purpose of this study was to establish a regener...

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Main Authors: Yaqi Qin, Bo Zhang, Shiqian Wang, Wuyan Guo, Zhike Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Jietang Zhao, Guibing Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-03-01
Series:Horticultural Plant Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014124000463
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author Yaqi Qin
Bo Zhang
Shiqian Wang
Wuyan Guo
Zhike Zhang
Yonghua Qin
Jietang Zhao
Guibing Hu
author_facet Yaqi Qin
Bo Zhang
Shiqian Wang
Wuyan Guo
Zhike Zhang
Yonghua Qin
Jietang Zhao
Guibing Hu
author_sort Yaqi Qin
collection DOAJ
description Litchi chinensis Sonn. is an important economic fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions. Regrettably, the efficiency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in litchi is typically low due to the poor conversion of embryos to plants. The purpose of this study was to establish a regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos explants in ‘Heiye’ cultivar of litchi. Our results demonstrated that MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D was optimal for callus induction. For somatic embryo (SE) induction, MS medium containing 0.5 g L−1 activated charcoal (AC) was the most effective, while the use of zeatin (ZT) and thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in abnormal somatic embryos. The rooting and regeneration rate of 2.15% and 17.5%, respectively, were achieved using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g L−1 AC. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed on embryogenic callus (EC), globular embryo (GE), and heart embryo (HE) to explore the molecular mechanisms of early somatic embryogenesis. 2,587 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EC_vs_GE and EC_vs_HE were identified, and the expression patterns of these common DEGs were separated into twelve major clusters. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these common DEGs were implicated in plant hormone signal transduction, auxin-activated signaling pathway, and other biological processes. Additionally, differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, and the function of LcBBM2 which is specifically highly expressed during early somatic embryogenesis was verified. Overexpression of LcBBM2 in tomato promotes callus and shoot formation. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic breeding improvement of litchi.
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publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
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spelling doaj-art-3b236f03fbfb4cd2a1583835ca8189ae2025-08-20T02:01:05ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Horticultural Plant Journal2468-01412025-03-0111253554710.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.005Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchiYaqi Qin0Bo Zhang1Shiqian Wang2Wuyan Guo3Zhike Zhang4Yonghua Qin5Jietang Zhao6Guibing Hu7State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaCorresponding authors.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaCorresponding authors.; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, ChinaLitchi chinensis Sonn. is an important economic fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions. Regrettably, the efficiency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in litchi is typically low due to the poor conversion of embryos to plants. The purpose of this study was to establish a regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos explants in ‘Heiye’ cultivar of litchi. Our results demonstrated that MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D was optimal for callus induction. For somatic embryo (SE) induction, MS medium containing 0.5 g L−1 activated charcoal (AC) was the most effective, while the use of zeatin (ZT) and thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in abnormal somatic embryos. The rooting and regeneration rate of 2.15% and 17.5%, respectively, were achieved using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g L−1 AC. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed on embryogenic callus (EC), globular embryo (GE), and heart embryo (HE) to explore the molecular mechanisms of early somatic embryogenesis. 2,587 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EC_vs_GE and EC_vs_HE were identified, and the expression patterns of these common DEGs were separated into twelve major clusters. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these common DEGs were implicated in plant hormone signal transduction, auxin-activated signaling pathway, and other biological processes. Additionally, differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, and the function of LcBBM2 which is specifically highly expressed during early somatic embryogenesis was verified. Overexpression of LcBBM2 in tomato promotes callus and shoot formation. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic breeding improvement of litchi.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014124000463Litchi chinensisSomatic embryogenesisTranscriptomeLcBBM2
spellingShingle Yaqi Qin
Bo Zhang
Shiqian Wang
Wuyan Guo
Zhike Zhang
Yonghua Qin
Jietang Zhao
Guibing Hu
Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
Horticultural Plant Journal
Litchi chinensis
Somatic embryogenesis
Transcriptome
LcBBM2
title Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
title_full Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
title_fullStr Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
title_full_unstemmed Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
title_short Establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
title_sort establishment of somatic embryogenesis regeneration system and transcriptome analysis of early somatic embryogenesis in litchi
topic Litchi chinensis
Somatic embryogenesis
Transcriptome
LcBBM2
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468014124000463
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