Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health disorders (MH) present significant challenges to Canadian Children. While there is increased awareness, the NDD/MH service needs and barriers to service for immigrant children in Canada are unclear. Therefore, the present study explor...

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Main Authors: Rachel Germaine Cluett, Tasmia Hai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/468
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author Rachel Germaine Cluett
Tasmia Hai
author_facet Rachel Germaine Cluett
Tasmia Hai
author_sort Rachel Germaine Cluett
collection DOAJ
description Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health disorders (MH) present significant challenges to Canadian Children. While there is increased awareness, the NDD/MH service needs and barriers to service for immigrant children in Canada are unclear. Therefore, the present study explores NDD and MH problems and management among Canadian children compared to immigrant children. Method: An online survey was administered to eligible participants using AskingCanadians. A total of 682 parents (Mean age = 31.8, <i>SD</i> = 7.4), 41.3% of whom were immigrants, completed the survey. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to mental health in general, child MH and NDD service needs, social support and use and barriers to accessing services. Results: Results showed that immigrant participants reported significant underuse of child mental health services (1.5 times less use) despite a higher reported child need. Similarly, a higher frequency of children born to Canadian parents reported accessing NDD/MH assessment referrals compared to immigrant families. Parents of children referred for NDD/MH assessment also reported a higher prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, parents of children presenting with NDD/MH concerns overall reported a significantly higher impact of barriers to their child’s education compared to parents whose children did not present with NDD/MH concerns. This effect was driven by Canadian parents of children with NDD/MH reporting increased barriers. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background in clinical approaches to MDD/MH services. There is a need to increase awareness and reduce stigma regarding service access. Furthermore, the findings reiterate the ongoing challenges families of children with NDD/MH challenges face in accessing support.
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spelling doaj-art-3b1ba9e1344a49dabd2b362a8e142add2025-08-20T03:13:30ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-04-0112446810.3390/children12040468Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in CanadaRachel Germaine Cluett0Tasmia Hai1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaDepartment of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1X1, CanadaBackground: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health disorders (MH) present significant challenges to Canadian Children. While there is increased awareness, the NDD/MH service needs and barriers to service for immigrant children in Canada are unclear. Therefore, the present study explores NDD and MH problems and management among Canadian children compared to immigrant children. Method: An online survey was administered to eligible participants using AskingCanadians. A total of 682 parents (Mean age = 31.8, <i>SD</i> = 7.4), 41.3% of whom were immigrants, completed the survey. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to mental health in general, child MH and NDD service needs, social support and use and barriers to accessing services. Results: Results showed that immigrant participants reported significant underuse of child mental health services (1.5 times less use) despite a higher reported child need. Similarly, a higher frequency of children born to Canadian parents reported accessing NDD/MH assessment referrals compared to immigrant families. Parents of children referred for NDD/MH assessment also reported a higher prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, parents of children presenting with NDD/MH concerns overall reported a significantly higher impact of barriers to their child’s education compared to parents whose children did not present with NDD/MH concerns. This effect was driven by Canadian parents of children with NDD/MH reporting increased barriers. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background in clinical approaches to MDD/MH services. There is a need to increase awareness and reduce stigma regarding service access. Furthermore, the findings reiterate the ongoing challenges families of children with NDD/MH challenges face in accessing support.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/468neurodevelopmental disordermental healthchildrenfamilyimmigrantsupport
spellingShingle Rachel Germaine Cluett
Tasmia Hai
Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
Children
neurodevelopmental disorder
mental health
children
family
immigrant
support
title Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
title_full Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
title_fullStr Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
title_short Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada
title_sort understanding disparities mental health and neurodevelopmental challenges supports and barriers for immigrant families in canada
topic neurodevelopmental disorder
mental health
children
family
immigrant
support
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/468
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