The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024

In Italy, the law on road homicide (Law no. 41/2016) introduced specific provisions for drivers who cause severe injuries or death to a person due to the violation of the Highway Code. The use of alcohol or drugs while driving constitutes an aggravating circumstance of the offence and provides for a...

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Main Authors: Francesca Vernich, Leonardo Romani, Federico Mineo, Giulio Mannocchi, Lucrezia Stefani, Margherita Pallocci, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Michele Treglia, Roberta Tittarelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/607
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author Francesca Vernich
Leonardo Romani
Federico Mineo
Giulio Mannocchi
Lucrezia Stefani
Margherita Pallocci
Luigi Tonino Marsella
Michele Treglia
Roberta Tittarelli
author_facet Francesca Vernich
Leonardo Romani
Federico Mineo
Giulio Mannocchi
Lucrezia Stefani
Margherita Pallocci
Luigi Tonino Marsella
Michele Treglia
Roberta Tittarelli
author_sort Francesca Vernich
collection DOAJ
description In Italy, the law on road homicide (Law no. 41/2016) introduced specific provisions for drivers who cause severe injuries or death to a person due to the violation of the Highway Code. The use of alcohol or drugs while driving constitutes an aggravating circumstance of the offence and provides for a tightening of penalties. Our study aims to report on the analysis performed on blood samples collected between January 2018 and December 2024 from drivers convicted of road homicide and who tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The majority of the involved subjects were males belonging to the 18–30 and 41–50 age groups. Alcohol, cocaine and cannabinoids were the most detected substances and the most frequent polydrug combination was alcohol and cocaine. We also investigated other influencing factors in road traffic accidents as the day of the week and the time of the day in which fatal road traffic accident occurred, and the time elapsed between the road accident and the collection of biological samples. Our data, in line with the international scenario, strongly support that, in addition to the tightening of penalties, raising awareness plays a key role in preventing alcohol- and drug-related traffic accidents by increasing risk perception and encouraging safer driving behaviors.
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Toxics
spelling doaj-art-3b1987cdfd2045e5bb0860f3c1ea7c472025-08-20T03:32:19ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-07-0113760710.3390/toxics13070607The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024Francesca Vernich0Leonardo Romani1Federico Mineo2Giulio Mannocchi3Lucrezia Stefani4Margherita Pallocci5Luigi Tonino Marsella6Michele Treglia7Roberta Tittarelli8Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di S. Pio V 44, 00165 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyIn Italy, the law on road homicide (Law no. 41/2016) introduced specific provisions for drivers who cause severe injuries or death to a person due to the violation of the Highway Code. The use of alcohol or drugs while driving constitutes an aggravating circumstance of the offence and provides for a tightening of penalties. Our study aims to report on the analysis performed on blood samples collected between January 2018 and December 2024 from drivers convicted of road homicide and who tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The majority of the involved subjects were males belonging to the 18–30 and 41–50 age groups. Alcohol, cocaine and cannabinoids were the most detected substances and the most frequent polydrug combination was alcohol and cocaine. We also investigated other influencing factors in road traffic accidents as the day of the week and the time of the day in which fatal road traffic accident occurred, and the time elapsed between the road accident and the collection of biological samples. Our data, in line with the international scenario, strongly support that, in addition to the tightening of penalties, raising awareness plays a key role in preventing alcohol- and drug-related traffic accidents by increasing risk perception and encouraging safer driving behaviors.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/607road homicideultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS)head-space gas chromatography (HS-GC-FID)driving under the influence of alcohol and drugscocainealcohol
spellingShingle Francesca Vernich
Leonardo Romani
Federico Mineo
Giulio Mannocchi
Lucrezia Stefani
Margherita Pallocci
Luigi Tonino Marsella
Michele Treglia
Roberta Tittarelli
The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
Toxics
road homicide
ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS)
head-space gas chromatography (HS-GC-FID)
driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs
cocaine
alcohol
title The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
title_full The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
title_fullStr The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
title_full_unstemmed The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
title_short The Crime of Vehicular Homicide in Italy: Trends in Alcohol and Drug Use in Fatal Road Accidents in Lazio Region from 2018 to 2024
title_sort crime of vehicular homicide in italy trends in alcohol and drug use in fatal road accidents in lazio region from 2018 to 2024
topic road homicide
ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS)
head-space gas chromatography (HS-GC-FID)
driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs
cocaine
alcohol
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/607
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