Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in the centers of massive galaxies, and galaxy mergers should eventually lead to SMBH mergers. Quasar activity has long been associated with galaxy mergers, so here we investigate if supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are preferentially found in quas...

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Main Authors: J. Andrew Casey-Clyde, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Jenny E. Greene, Andy D. Goulding, Siyuan Chen, Jonathan R. Trump
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce05
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author J. Andrew Casey-Clyde
Chiara M. F. Mingarelli
Jenny E. Greene
Andy D. Goulding
Siyuan Chen
Jonathan R. Trump
author_facet J. Andrew Casey-Clyde
Chiara M. F. Mingarelli
Jenny E. Greene
Andy D. Goulding
Siyuan Chen
Jonathan R. Trump
author_sort J. Andrew Casey-Clyde
collection DOAJ
description Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in the centers of massive galaxies, and galaxy mergers should eventually lead to SMBH mergers. Quasar activity has long been associated with galaxy mergers, so here we investigate if supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are preferentially found in quasars. Our multimessenger investigation folds together a gravitational-wave background signal from NANOGrav, a sample of periodic active galactic nucleus candidates from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, and a quasar mass function, to estimate an upper limit on the fraction of quasars which could host an SMBHB. We find at 95% confidence that quasars are at most 5 times as likely to host an SMBHB as a random galaxy. Pulsar timing arrays may therefore be more likely to find SMBHBs by prioritizing quasars over a random selection of galaxies in their searches.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-3b1373d38131460d9c3fb7ea32cc7c282025-08-20T03:28:29ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987210610.3847/1538-4357/adce05Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole BinariesJ. Andrew Casey-Clyde0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-4007Chiara M. F. Mingarelli1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-1322Jenny E. Greene2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5612-3427Andy D. Goulding3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-663XSiyuan Chen4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-5963Jonathan R. Trump5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-0470Department of Physics, University of Connecticut , 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA ; andrew.casey-clyde@uconn.edu; Department of Physics, Yale University , 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Physics, Yale University , 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAShanghai Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, University of Connecticut , 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA ; andrew.casey-clyde@uconn.eduSupermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in the centers of massive galaxies, and galaxy mergers should eventually lead to SMBH mergers. Quasar activity has long been associated with galaxy mergers, so here we investigate if supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are preferentially found in quasars. Our multimessenger investigation folds together a gravitational-wave background signal from NANOGrav, a sample of periodic active galactic nucleus candidates from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, and a quasar mass function, to estimate an upper limit on the fraction of quasars which could host an SMBHB. We find at 95% confidence that quasars are at most 5 times as likely to host an SMBHB as a random galaxy. Pulsar timing arrays may therefore be more likely to find SMBHBs by prioritizing quasars over a random selection of galaxies in their searches.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce05Gravitational wave astronomyGravitational wavesQuasarsSupermassive black holes
spellingShingle J. Andrew Casey-Clyde
Chiara M. F. Mingarelli
Jenny E. Greene
Andy D. Goulding
Siyuan Chen
Jonathan R. Trump
Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
The Astrophysical Journal
Gravitational wave astronomy
Gravitational waves
Quasars
Supermassive black holes
title Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
title_full Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
title_fullStr Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
title_full_unstemmed Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
title_short Quasars Can Signpost Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
title_sort quasars can signpost supermassive black hole binaries
topic Gravitational wave astronomy
Gravitational waves
Quasars
Supermassive black holes
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adce05
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AT andydgoulding quasarscansignpostsupermassiveblackholebinaries
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