UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages

Creating accessible websites is essential to ensure the inclusion of users with disabilities, as defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In many countries, compliance with these guidelines is often legally mandated. Consequently, it is crucial to integrate accessibility considera...

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Main Authors: Karla Ordonez-Briceno, Jose R. Hilera, Luis de-Marcos, Salvador Oton-Tortosa, Samanta Cueva-Carrion
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10540443/
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author Karla Ordonez-Briceno
Jose R. Hilera
Luis de-Marcos
Salvador Oton-Tortosa
Samanta Cueva-Carrion
author_facet Karla Ordonez-Briceno
Jose R. Hilera
Luis de-Marcos
Salvador Oton-Tortosa
Samanta Cueva-Carrion
author_sort Karla Ordonez-Briceno
collection DOAJ
description Creating accessible websites is essential to ensure the inclusion of users with disabilities, as defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In many countries, compliance with these guidelines is often legally mandated. Consequently, it is crucial to integrate accessibility considerations into Web development projects from the beginning. Unfortunately, accessibility requirements are often addressed only after the website is completed. To ensure compliance, it is proposed to incorporate accessibility requirements into system specifications and models. A Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile, called WebPageAcc, is introduced to streamline this process, allowing developers to incorporate accessibility requirements without extensive knowledge of accessibility standards. This profile provides stereotypes, data types, tagged values, and restrictions necessary to meet accessibility requirements. This study uses a four-stage method to create, apply, and validate the profile. Initially, an analysis of the WCAG 2.2 criteria is performed to define stereotypes, attributes and limitations aligned with the success criteria. Subsequently, the WebPageAcc profile is developed in Eclipse Papyrus, considering the identified elements. The third stage is to apply the profile to create a UML class diagram model of a real web page. Validation occurs in the final stage by executing Object Constraint Language (OCL) rules associated with attributes defined by the profile. Furthermore, an experiment is carried out to evaluate the usability difficulty of the profile among software developers. This multifaceted approach aims to improve the integration of accessibility into website development, ensuring inclusivity for a diverse user base while simplifying the implementation process for developers.
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spelling doaj-art-3b1132df020442679e2c2bd55830942b2025-08-20T03:29:52ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112771817721310.1109/ACCESS.2024.340668810540443UML Profile to Model Accessible Web PagesKarla Ordonez-Briceno0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3678-4313Jose R. Hilera1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1031Luis de-Marcos2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-8774Salvador Oton-Tortosa3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-1779Samanta Cueva-Carrion4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-8816Instituto Superior Tecnológico Ismael Pérez Pazmiño, Machala, EcuadorDepartment of Computer Science, Alcalá, SpainDepartment of Computer Science, Alcalá, SpainDepartment of Computer Science, Alcalá, SpainUniversidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, EcuadorCreating accessible websites is essential to ensure the inclusion of users with disabilities, as defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In many countries, compliance with these guidelines is often legally mandated. Consequently, it is crucial to integrate accessibility considerations into Web development projects from the beginning. Unfortunately, accessibility requirements are often addressed only after the website is completed. To ensure compliance, it is proposed to incorporate accessibility requirements into system specifications and models. A Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile, called WebPageAcc, is introduced to streamline this process, allowing developers to incorporate accessibility requirements without extensive knowledge of accessibility standards. This profile provides stereotypes, data types, tagged values, and restrictions necessary to meet accessibility requirements. This study uses a four-stage method to create, apply, and validate the profile. Initially, an analysis of the WCAG 2.2 criteria is performed to define stereotypes, attributes and limitations aligned with the success criteria. Subsequently, the WebPageAcc profile is developed in Eclipse Papyrus, considering the identified elements. The third stage is to apply the profile to create a UML class diagram model of a real web page. Validation occurs in the final stage by executing Object Constraint Language (OCL) rules associated with attributes defined by the profile. Furthermore, an experiment is carried out to evaluate the usability difficulty of the profile among software developers. This multifaceted approach aims to improve the integration of accessibility into website development, ensuring inclusivity for a diverse user base while simplifying the implementation process for developers.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10540443/Accessibility webMDAMDDmodel-driven engineeringprofile UML-Web UMLOCL
spellingShingle Karla Ordonez-Briceno
Jose R. Hilera
Luis de-Marcos
Salvador Oton-Tortosa
Samanta Cueva-Carrion
UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
IEEE Access
Accessibility web
MDA
MDD
model-driven engineering
profile UML-Web UML
OCL
title UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
title_full UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
title_fullStr UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
title_full_unstemmed UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
title_short UML Profile to Model Accessible Web Pages
title_sort uml profile to model accessible web pages
topic Accessibility web
MDA
MDD
model-driven engineering
profile UML-Web UML
OCL
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10540443/
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