Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan

Background: The Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version (CBQ-30-GV) evaluates multidimensional citizenship behaviors (CBs), yet its measurement invariance across country and gender groups remains unexamined. This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across countr...

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Main Authors: Chifa Hung, Agata Chudzicka-Czupała, Anna M. Zalewska, Barbara Ostafińska-Molik, Magdalena Ludwik, Bartosz Grabski, Chung-Ying Lin, Cheng-Fang Yen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005797
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author Chifa Hung
Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
Anna M. Zalewska
Barbara Ostafińska-Molik
Magdalena Ludwik
Bartosz Grabski
Chung-Ying Lin
Cheng-Fang Yen
author_facet Chifa Hung
Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
Anna M. Zalewska
Barbara Ostafińska-Molik
Magdalena Ludwik
Bartosz Grabski
Chung-Ying Lin
Cheng-Fang Yen
author_sort Chifa Hung
collection DOAJ
description Background: The Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version (CBQ-30-GV) evaluates multidimensional citizenship behaviors (CBs), yet its measurement invariance across country and gender groups remains unexamined. This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country (Poland vs. Taiwan) and gender (female vs. male) groups. Methods: A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was employed. A total of 1062 Polish and 1000 Taiwanese university students completed online surveys. Three nested multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models—a configural model, a metric invariance model, and a scalar invariance model—were tested in a bifactor framework incorporating a general CB factor and several specific CB factors to assess the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country and gender groups. Results: The configural model exhibited good fit (comparative fit index = 0.924), supporting the bifactor structure. However, no full invariance across country groups was established. Partial invariance was achieved by relaxing certain item loadings, indicating that Polish and Taiwanese students may interpret some items differently. By contrast, full invariance was supported across gender groups. Conclusion: The CBQ-30-GV is suitable for assessing multidimensional CBs among university students. However, cross-country comparisons between Polish and Taiwanese students should be conducted with caution as a result of partial invariance. The measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across gender groups is supported, supporting its use for comparing CBs between female and male students in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-3b1035eaf84e41519cb690dc8db9942f2025-08-20T02:47:49ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-08-0125810526610.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105266Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and TaiwanChifa Hung0Agata Chudzicka-Czupała1Anna M. Zalewska2Barbara Ostafińska-Molik3Magdalena Ludwik4Bartosz Grabski5Chung-Ying Lin6Cheng-Fang Yen7Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInterdisciplinary Center for Social Activity and Well-being Research, Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Katowice, PolandInstitute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology in Warsaw, SWPS University, Warszawa, PolandJagiellonian University, Institute of Education, Laboratory of Health Pedagogy, Laboratory of Pedagogical Diagnoses, Cracow, PolandInterdisciplinary Center for Social Activity and Well-being Research, Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Katowice, PolandInterdisciplinary Center for Social Activity and Well-being Research, Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Katowice, PolandInstitute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Correspondence to: C.-Y. Lin, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Correspondence to: C.-F. Yen, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.Background: The Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version (CBQ-30-GV) evaluates multidimensional citizenship behaviors (CBs), yet its measurement invariance across country and gender groups remains unexamined. This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country (Poland vs. Taiwan) and gender (female vs. male) groups. Methods: A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was employed. A total of 1062 Polish and 1000 Taiwanese university students completed online surveys. Three nested multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models—a configural model, a metric invariance model, and a scalar invariance model—were tested in a bifactor framework incorporating a general CB factor and several specific CB factors to assess the measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across country and gender groups. Results: The configural model exhibited good fit (comparative fit index = 0.924), supporting the bifactor structure. However, no full invariance across country groups was established. Partial invariance was achieved by relaxing certain item loadings, indicating that Polish and Taiwanese students may interpret some items differently. By contrast, full invariance was supported across gender groups. Conclusion: The CBQ-30-GV is suitable for assessing multidimensional CBs among university students. However, cross-country comparisons between Polish and Taiwanese students should be conducted with caution as a result of partial invariance. The measurement invariance of the CBQ-30-GV across gender groups is supported, supporting its use for comparing CBs between female and male students in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005797Citizenship behaviorsCitizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General VersionCountryGenderMeasurement invariance
spellingShingle Chifa Hung
Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
Anna M. Zalewska
Barbara Ostafińska-Molik
Magdalena Ludwik
Bartosz Grabski
Chung-Ying Lin
Cheng-Fang Yen
Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
Acta Psychologica
Citizenship behaviors
Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version
Country
Gender
Measurement invariance
title Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
title_full Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
title_fullStr Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
title_short Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version: Evidence of measurement invariance among university students from Poland and Taiwan
title_sort citizenship behavior questionnaire 30 general version evidence of measurement invariance among university students from poland and taiwan
topic Citizenship behaviors
Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire-30–General Version
Country
Gender
Measurement invariance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005797
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