Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron

Metallosphaera sedula is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that obtains all of its energy for growth from aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the expense of selected organic and inorganic sources of electrons. Initial velocities for the oxidation of soluble ferrous ions by intact cells a...

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Main Authors: Robert C. Blake, Richard G. Painter, Nghi Pham, Olivia Griswold, Brooke White, Richard A. White
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1455423/full
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author Robert C. Blake
Richard G. Painter
Nghi Pham
Olivia Griswold
Brooke White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
author_facet Robert C. Blake
Richard G. Painter
Nghi Pham
Olivia Griswold
Brooke White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
author_sort Robert C. Blake
collection DOAJ
description Metallosphaera sedula is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that obtains all of its energy for growth from aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the expense of selected organic and inorganic sources of electrons. Initial velocities for the oxidation of soluble ferrous ions by intact cells at 60 °C and pH 1.5 were determined using an integrating cavity absorption meter that permitted accurate absorbance measurements to quantify the increase in soluble ferric iron in the presence of turbid suspensions of the live organisms. M. sedula that was cultured on yeast extract either in the absence or the presence of 20 mM soluble ferrous iron exhibited turnover numbers for soluble iron oxidation of 304 ± 26 and 333 ± 31 attamoles/cell/min, respectively. These functional data were consistent with the transcriptomic evidence presented by others, that the proteins presumably responsible for aerobic respiration on soluble iron are expressed constitutively in M. sedula. Intact cells of M. sedula were characterized by electrical impedance, laser light diffraction, and transmission electron microscopic measurements. All three types of measurements were consistent with the surprising observation that cells cultured on yeast extract in the presence of soluble iron bifurcated into approximately equal numbers of coccoidal cells of two sizes, smaller cells with an average diameter of 0.6 μm and larger cells with an average diameter of 1.35 μm. Cells cultured on the same concentration of yeast extract but in the absence of soluble iron comprised a single cell size with an intermediate average diameter of 1.06 μm. This unexpected bifurcation of a clonal cell population into two demonstrably different sizes when the extracellular nutrient environment changes has not previously been reported for M. sedula, or any other single-celled archaeon or eubacterium.
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spelling doaj-art-3b045c633b4d4cf190c969fcf4a021d12025-08-20T03:09:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-05-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.14554231455423Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble ironRobert C. Blake0Richard G. Painter1Nghi Pham2Olivia Griswold3Brooke White4Richard A. White5Richard A. White6Richard A. White7Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDivision of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDivision of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDivision of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDivision of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United StatesNCRC, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, United StatesCIPHER, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesAustralian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaMetallosphaera sedula is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that obtains all of its energy for growth from aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the expense of selected organic and inorganic sources of electrons. Initial velocities for the oxidation of soluble ferrous ions by intact cells at 60 °C and pH 1.5 were determined using an integrating cavity absorption meter that permitted accurate absorbance measurements to quantify the increase in soluble ferric iron in the presence of turbid suspensions of the live organisms. M. sedula that was cultured on yeast extract either in the absence or the presence of 20 mM soluble ferrous iron exhibited turnover numbers for soluble iron oxidation of 304 ± 26 and 333 ± 31 attamoles/cell/min, respectively. These functional data were consistent with the transcriptomic evidence presented by others, that the proteins presumably responsible for aerobic respiration on soluble iron are expressed constitutively in M. sedula. Intact cells of M. sedula were characterized by electrical impedance, laser light diffraction, and transmission electron microscopic measurements. All three types of measurements were consistent with the surprising observation that cells cultured on yeast extract in the presence of soluble iron bifurcated into approximately equal numbers of coccoidal cells of two sizes, smaller cells with an average diameter of 0.6 μm and larger cells with an average diameter of 1.35 μm. Cells cultured on the same concentration of yeast extract but in the absence of soluble iron comprised a single cell size with an intermediate average diameter of 1.06 μm. This unexpected bifurcation of a clonal cell population into two demonstrably different sizes when the extracellular nutrient environment changes has not previously been reported for M. sedula, or any other single-celled archaeon or eubacterium.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1455423/fullMetallosphaera sedulaintegrating cavity absorption meterin situ kineticstwo cell sizesphenotypic heterogeneity
spellingShingle Robert C. Blake
Richard G. Painter
Nghi Pham
Olivia Griswold
Brooke White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
Richard A. White
Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
Frontiers in Microbiology
Metallosphaera sedula
integrating cavity absorption meter
in situ kinetics
two cell sizes
phenotypic heterogeneity
title Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
title_full Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
title_fullStr Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
title_full_unstemmed Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
title_short Metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
title_sort metallosphaera sedula bifurcates into two sizes when it is cultured mixotrophically on soluble iron
topic Metallosphaera sedula
integrating cavity absorption meter
in situ kinetics
two cell sizes
phenotypic heterogeneity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1455423/full
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