Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management

Traditional irrigation methods often rely on static schedules, which limits adaptability to dynamic growing conditions. Current Internet of Things (IoT) and fog based irrigation systems encounter challenges, such as network interruptions, high latency, data loss, and inaccurate water allocation due...

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Main Authors: Yassine Boukhali, Mohammed Nabil Kabbaj, Mohammed Benbrahim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific African
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001528
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author Yassine Boukhali
Mohammed Nabil Kabbaj
Mohammed Benbrahim
author_facet Yassine Boukhali
Mohammed Nabil Kabbaj
Mohammed Benbrahim
author_sort Yassine Boukhali
collection DOAJ
description Traditional irrigation methods often rely on static schedules, which limits adaptability to dynamic growing conditions. Current Internet of Things (IoT) and fog based irrigation systems encounter challenges, such as network interruptions, high latency, data loss, and inaccurate water allocation due to limited precision in calculating irrigation requirements. Addressing these issues in precision irrigation requires a flexible and resilient architecture that combines advanced technologies for improved accuracy. This study introduces Fog-IoPM, a fog-based system, employing Fog computing, LoRaWAN, and a Microservices Architecture (MSA) to enhance scalability, availability, and resource efficiency in precision irrigation. The Fog-IoPM architecture mitigates data loss during network outages by locally storing data, which it transmits to the cloud upon reconnection, thus ensuring a complete dataset for decision-making and reducing water consumption. Experiments were conducted across two outdoor areas and an indoor prototype cultivated with Moringa oleifera Lam, comparing data collected before and after implementing the system. Results show a significant improvement in data availability, increasing from 65.10% to 93.86%, and a reduction in packet loss to 7%. Additionally, water usage decreased by 72.72% due to more precise, data-driven irrigation scheduling. These findings demonstrate the potential of Fog-IoPM to enhance irrigation accuracy, optimize resource use, and provide scalable solutions for the Internet of Plants (IoP) in agriculture.
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spelling doaj-art-3b02328b0b784be298aba6df140d5bc62025-08-20T02:28:26ZengElsevierScientific African2468-22762025-06-0128e0268210.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02682Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data managementYassine Boukhali0Mohammed Nabil Kabbaj1Mohammed Benbrahim2Corresponding author.; Engineering, Modeling and System Analysis Laboratory (LIMAS), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, MoroccoEngineering, Modeling and System Analysis Laboratory (LIMAS), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, MoroccoEngineering, Modeling and System Analysis Laboratory (LIMAS), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, MoroccoTraditional irrigation methods often rely on static schedules, which limits adaptability to dynamic growing conditions. Current Internet of Things (IoT) and fog based irrigation systems encounter challenges, such as network interruptions, high latency, data loss, and inaccurate water allocation due to limited precision in calculating irrigation requirements. Addressing these issues in precision irrigation requires a flexible and resilient architecture that combines advanced technologies for improved accuracy. This study introduces Fog-IoPM, a fog-based system, employing Fog computing, LoRaWAN, and a Microservices Architecture (MSA) to enhance scalability, availability, and resource efficiency in precision irrigation. The Fog-IoPM architecture mitigates data loss during network outages by locally storing data, which it transmits to the cloud upon reconnection, thus ensuring a complete dataset for decision-making and reducing water consumption. Experiments were conducted across two outdoor areas and an indoor prototype cultivated with Moringa oleifera Lam, comparing data collected before and after implementing the system. Results show a significant improvement in data availability, increasing from 65.10% to 93.86%, and a reduction in packet loss to 7%. Additionally, water usage decreased by 72.72% due to more precise, data-driven irrigation scheduling. These findings demonstrate the potential of Fog-IoPM to enhance irrigation accuracy, optimize resource use, and provide scalable solutions for the Internet of Plants (IoP) in agriculture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001528Internet of PlantsPrecision irrigationFog computingMicroservice-based architectureLoRaWANData management
spellingShingle Yassine Boukhali
Mohammed Nabil Kabbaj
Mohammed Benbrahim
Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
Scientific African
Internet of Plants
Precision irrigation
Fog computing
Microservice-based architecture
LoRaWAN
Data management
title Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
title_full Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
title_fullStr Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
title_full_unstemmed Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
title_short Fog-IoPM: Fog computing for Internet of Plants data management
title_sort fog iopm fog computing for internet of plants data management
topic Internet of Plants
Precision irrigation
Fog computing
Microservice-based architecture
LoRaWAN
Data management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625001528
work_keys_str_mv AT yassineboukhali fogiopmfogcomputingforinternetofplantsdatamanagement
AT mohammednabilkabbaj fogiopmfogcomputingforinternetofplantsdatamanagement
AT mohammedbenbrahim fogiopmfogcomputingforinternetofplantsdatamanagement