Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration

Using multimodal wearable devices to diagnose cardiovascular diseases early is essential for providing timely medical assistance, particularly in remote areas. This approach helps prevent risks and reduce mortality rates. However, prolonged use of medical devices can lead to measurement inaccuracies...

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Main Authors: Tumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan, Qun Wei, Jiwoo Jung, Sangwon Lee, Gangoh Na, Bongjo Kim, In-Cheol Kim, Heejoon Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Technologies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/239
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author Tumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan
Qun Wei
Jiwoo Jung
Sangwon Lee
Gangoh Na
Bongjo Kim
In-Cheol Kim
Heejoon Park
author_facet Tumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan
Qun Wei
Jiwoo Jung
Sangwon Lee
Gangoh Na
Bongjo Kim
In-Cheol Kim
Heejoon Park
author_sort Tumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan
collection DOAJ
description Using multimodal wearable devices to diagnose cardiovascular diseases early is essential for providing timely medical assistance, particularly in remote areas. This approach helps prevent risks and reduce mortality rates. However, prolonged use of medical devices can lead to measurement inaccuracies, necessitating calibration to maintain precision. Unfortunately, wearable devices often lack affordable calibrators that are suitable for personal use. This study introduces a low-cost simulation system for phonocardiography (PCG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals designed for a multimodal smart stethoscope calibration. The proposed system was developed using a multicore microprocessor (MCU), two digital-to-analog converters (DACs), an LED light, and a speaker. It synchronizes dual signals by assigning tasks based on a multitasking function. A designed time adjustment algorithm controls the pulse transit time (PTT) to simulate various cardiovascular conditions. The simulation signals are generated from preprocessed PCG and PPG signals collected during in vivo experiments. A prototype device was manufactured to evaluate performance by measuring the generated signal using an oscilloscope and a multimodal smart stethoscope. The preprocessed signals, generated signals, and measurements by the smart stethoscope were compared and evaluated through correlation analysis. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system accurately generates the features of the physiological signals and remains in phase with the original signals.
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spelling doaj-art-3af8ad45533c48d681501efc3e91d6252025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-06-0113623910.3390/technologies13060239Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device CalibrationTumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan0Qun Wei1Jiwoo Jung2Sangwon Lee3Gangoh Na4Bongjo Kim5In-Cheol Kim6Heejoon Park7Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of KoreaUsing multimodal wearable devices to diagnose cardiovascular diseases early is essential for providing timely medical assistance, particularly in remote areas. This approach helps prevent risks and reduce mortality rates. However, prolonged use of medical devices can lead to measurement inaccuracies, necessitating calibration to maintain precision. Unfortunately, wearable devices often lack affordable calibrators that are suitable for personal use. This study introduces a low-cost simulation system for phonocardiography (PCG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals designed for a multimodal smart stethoscope calibration. The proposed system was developed using a multicore microprocessor (MCU), two digital-to-analog converters (DACs), an LED light, and a speaker. It synchronizes dual signals by assigning tasks based on a multitasking function. A designed time adjustment algorithm controls the pulse transit time (PTT) to simulate various cardiovascular conditions. The simulation signals are generated from preprocessed PCG and PPG signals collected during in vivo experiments. A prototype device was manufactured to evaluate performance by measuring the generated signal using an oscilloscope and a multimodal smart stethoscope. The preprocessed signals, generated signals, and measurements by the smart stethoscope were compared and evaluated through correlation analysis. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system accurately generates the features of the physiological signals and remains in phase with the original signals.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/239simulationheart soundpulse wavemultimodalsimultaneously
spellingShingle Tumenkhuslen Delgerkhaan
Qun Wei
Jiwoo Jung
Sangwon Lee
Gangoh Na
Bongjo Kim
In-Cheol Kim
Heejoon Park
Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
Technologies
simulation
heart sound
pulse wave
multimodal
simultaneously
title Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
title_full Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
title_fullStr Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
title_short Development of a Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Signal Simulation System for Multimodal Wearable Device Calibration
title_sort development of a low cost multi physiological signal simulation system for multimodal wearable device calibration
topic simulation
heart sound
pulse wave
multimodal
simultaneously
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/239
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