Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains

Abstract Atmospheric boundary layer depths (BLDs) over continental sites have long been meticulously characterized. However, a downwind‐footprint concept for BLDs over plains under the impact of seasonally and spatially changing horizontal advection of BLDs off elevated terrains has remained unexplo...

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Main Authors: Sandip Pal, Temple R. Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083988
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author Sandip Pal
Temple R. Lee
author_facet Sandip Pal
Temple R. Lee
author_sort Sandip Pal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Atmospheric boundary layer depths (BLDs) over continental sites have long been meticulously characterized. However, a downwind‐footprint concept for BLDs over plains under the impact of seasonally and spatially changing horizontal advection of BLDs off elevated terrains has remained unexplored. For the first time, we provide observational evidence of the impact of mountains on regional BLDs using 25‐years (1991–2015) of rawinsonde‐retrieved afternoon BLDs over 22 sites located in the mountains' (Rockies and Appalachians) downstream. Results suggest that mountain‐advected air mass, elevated terrains, and wind play a significant role in modulating BLD variability “miles away” from terrains. We found significant BLD contrasts over the plains (400–1,500 m) under mountain‐advected versus flatland‐advected flows pertaining to elevated mixed layers off the mountain ranges. The BLD contrasts were higher in the downwind of Rockies than the Appalachians, and higher BLD contrasts were observed in spring and summer (900–1,500 m) than in fall and winter (100–500 m). These findings will help build advanced parameterizations in models where BLD simulations around complex terrain still remain a hurdle.
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spelling doaj-art-3af28c5c909e44ee9eefab426ed9b0422025-08-20T02:24:35ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072019-08-014616101401014910.1029/2019GL083988Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the PlainsSandip Pal0Temple R. Lee1Department of Geosciences, Atmospheric Science Division Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USACooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS) Norman OK USAAbstract Atmospheric boundary layer depths (BLDs) over continental sites have long been meticulously characterized. However, a downwind‐footprint concept for BLDs over plains under the impact of seasonally and spatially changing horizontal advection of BLDs off elevated terrains has remained unexplored. For the first time, we provide observational evidence of the impact of mountains on regional BLDs using 25‐years (1991–2015) of rawinsonde‐retrieved afternoon BLDs over 22 sites located in the mountains' (Rockies and Appalachians) downstream. Results suggest that mountain‐advected air mass, elevated terrains, and wind play a significant role in modulating BLD variability “miles away” from terrains. We found significant BLD contrasts over the plains (400–1,500 m) under mountain‐advected versus flatland‐advected flows pertaining to elevated mixed layers off the mountain ranges. The BLD contrasts were higher in the downwind of Rockies than the Appalachians, and higher BLD contrasts were observed in spring and summer (900–1,500 m) than in fall and winter (100–500 m). These findings will help build advanced parameterizations in models where BLD simulations around complex terrain still remain a hurdle.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083988atmospheric boundary layer depthdownwindadvectionrawinsonde measurementsseasonal cycleboundary layer features
spellingShingle Sandip Pal
Temple R. Lee
Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
Geophysical Research Letters
atmospheric boundary layer depth
downwind
advection
rawinsonde measurements
seasonal cycle
boundary layer features
title Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
title_full Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
title_fullStr Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
title_full_unstemmed Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
title_short Advected Air Mass Reservoirs in the Downwind of Mountains and Their Roles in Overrunning Boundary Layer Depths Over the Plains
title_sort advected air mass reservoirs in the downwind of mountains and their roles in overrunning boundary layer depths over the plains
topic atmospheric boundary layer depth
downwind
advection
rawinsonde measurements
seasonal cycle
boundary layer features
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083988
work_keys_str_mv AT sandippal advectedairmassreservoirsinthedownwindofmountainsandtheirrolesinoverrunningboundarylayerdepthsovertheplains
AT templerlee advectedairmassreservoirsinthedownwindofmountainsandtheirrolesinoverrunningboundarylayerdepthsovertheplains