Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2

The study aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and genome characteristics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks caused by sapovirus in Beijing. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sapovirus detected by RT-qPCR were collected from AGE surveillance. Descriptive statistics were us...

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Main Authors: Lingyu Shen, Fan Yu, Hanqiu Yan, Baiwei Liu, Weihong Li, Yu Wang, Yi Tian, Lei Jia, Peng Yang, Quanyi Wang, Daitao Zhang, Zhiyong Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2521840
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author Lingyu Shen
Fan Yu
Hanqiu Yan
Baiwei Liu
Weihong Li
Yu Wang
Yi Tian
Lei Jia
Peng Yang
Quanyi Wang
Daitao Zhang
Zhiyong Gao
author_facet Lingyu Shen
Fan Yu
Hanqiu Yan
Baiwei Liu
Weihong Li
Yu Wang
Yi Tian
Lei Jia
Peng Yang
Quanyi Wang
Daitao Zhang
Zhiyong Gao
author_sort Lingyu Shen
collection DOAJ
description The study aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and genome characteristics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks caused by sapovirus in Beijing. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sapovirus detected by RT-qPCR were collected from AGE surveillance. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological analysis, and both genotype identification and sequence analysis were conducted on the VP1 regions, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase regions, and whole genomes. From 2014 to 2021, sapovirus was the second most common pathogen in AGE outbreaks, causing 216 outbreaks (6.85%) with peaks in 2017, 2019, and 2021. The predominant outbreaks occurred in kindergartens (76.39%, 165) and primary schools (18.98%, 41) within urban (62.96%, 136) and suburban (35.19%, 76) by person-to-person transmission (97.73%, 172). Outbreaks in outer suburbs lasted longer duration [median 7 days, IQR: 6-8]. Comprehensive schools (21.62%, IQR: 10.00-35.00%) and kindergartens (18.18%, IQR: 13.51-22.72%) showed higher attack rates. Clinical symptoms included vomiting (97.27%, 1,462), diarrhea (18.44%, 277), fever (8.32%, 125), nausea (28.72%, 432), and abdominal pain (33.94%, 510). Vomiting prevalence was higher in children aged ≤5 years (96.94%, 983/1,014), while diarrhea prevalence was higher in those >5 years (31.29%, 153/489). Eight genotypes (GI.1-3, 5, 6; GII.1, 3, 5) were identified, and the predominant genotype changed from GII.3 (2016-2019) to GI.2 (2020-2021). Phylogenetic analysis revealed emerging clades in GII.3 and GI.2, with nucleotides and amino acids mutations confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Therefore, sapovirus is a significant AGE pathogen in Beijing, China, warranting its inclusion in surveillance among sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE in China with necessitating genotyping and whole-genome sequencing.
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spelling doaj-art-3af26ab096774c0aa1e251b005f440852025-08-20T02:43:06ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2521840Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2Lingyu Shen0Fan Yu1Hanqiu Yan2Baiwei Liu3Weihong Li4Yu Wang5Yi Tian6Lei Jia7Peng Yang8Quanyi Wang9Daitao Zhang10Zhiyong Gao11Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, AustraliaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaThe study aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and genome characteristics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks caused by sapovirus in Beijing. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of sapovirus detected by RT-qPCR were collected from AGE surveillance. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological analysis, and both genotype identification and sequence analysis were conducted on the VP1 regions, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase regions, and whole genomes. From 2014 to 2021, sapovirus was the second most common pathogen in AGE outbreaks, causing 216 outbreaks (6.85%) with peaks in 2017, 2019, and 2021. The predominant outbreaks occurred in kindergartens (76.39%, 165) and primary schools (18.98%, 41) within urban (62.96%, 136) and suburban (35.19%, 76) by person-to-person transmission (97.73%, 172). Outbreaks in outer suburbs lasted longer duration [median 7 days, IQR: 6-8]. Comprehensive schools (21.62%, IQR: 10.00-35.00%) and kindergartens (18.18%, IQR: 13.51-22.72%) showed higher attack rates. Clinical symptoms included vomiting (97.27%, 1,462), diarrhea (18.44%, 277), fever (8.32%, 125), nausea (28.72%, 432), and abdominal pain (33.94%, 510). Vomiting prevalence was higher in children aged ≤5 years (96.94%, 983/1,014), while diarrhea prevalence was higher in those >5 years (31.29%, 153/489). Eight genotypes (GI.1-3, 5, 6; GII.1, 3, 5) were identified, and the predominant genotype changed from GII.3 (2016-2019) to GI.2 (2020-2021). Phylogenetic analysis revealed emerging clades in GII.3 and GI.2, with nucleotides and amino acids mutations confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Therefore, sapovirus is a significant AGE pathogen in Beijing, China, warranting its inclusion in surveillance among sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE in China with necessitating genotyping and whole-genome sequencing.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2521840Acute gastroenteritisoutbreakssapovirusepidemiologygenotype
spellingShingle Lingyu Shen
Fan Yu
Hanqiu Yan
Baiwei Liu
Weihong Li
Yu Wang
Yi Tian
Lei Jia
Peng Yang
Quanyi Wang
Daitao Zhang
Zhiyong Gao
Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Acute gastroenteritis
outbreaks
sapovirus
epidemiology
genotype
title Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
title_full Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
title_fullStr Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
title_full_unstemmed Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
title_short Incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in Beijing, China, 2014–2021: predominance of genotypes GII.3 and GI.2
title_sort incidence of human sapovirus outbreaks in beijing china 2014 2021 predominance of genotypes gii 3 and gi 2
topic Acute gastroenteritis
outbreaks
sapovirus
epidemiology
genotype
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2521840
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