Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans and animals able to adapt to multiple environments. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity and virulence profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from food (29 strains), humans (43 strains), and animals (8 strains). 80 lip...

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Main Authors: Roberto Adame-Gómez, Natividad Castro-Alarcón, Amalia Vences-Velázquez, Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez, Abigail Pérez-Valdespino, Marco- Antonio Leyva-Vázquez, Arturo Ramírez-Peralta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:International Journal of Microbiology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1048097
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author Roberto Adame-Gómez
Natividad Castro-Alarcón
Amalia Vences-Velázquez
Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
Marco- Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
Arturo Ramírez-Peralta
author_facet Roberto Adame-Gómez
Natividad Castro-Alarcón
Amalia Vences-Velázquez
Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
Marco- Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
Arturo Ramírez-Peralta
author_sort Roberto Adame-Gómez
collection DOAJ
description Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans and animals able to adapt to multiple environments. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity and virulence profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from food (29 strains), humans (43 strains), and animals (8 strains). 80 lipase-producing strains belonging to a biobank of 360 isolates, identified phenotypically as S. aureus, were selected. Confirmation of the species was made by amplifying the spA gene and 80% (64/80) of the strains were confirmed within this species. The virulence profile of each of the isolates was determined by PCR. The seA gene coding for enterotoxin A was found in 53.1% of the strains, the saK gene, which codes for Staphylokinase, was amplified in 57.8% of the strains, and, finally, the hlB gene coding for β-Hemolysin was amplified in 17.2%. The profile of antimicrobial resistance was determined by the Kirby Bauer method showing that the strains from food presented greater resistance to erythromycin (40.7%) and ciprofloxacin (18.5%) while in strains isolated from humans were to erythromycin (48.4%) and clindamycin (21.2%). Also, in strains from animals, a high resistance to erythromycin was observed (75%). The frequency of MRSA was 12.5% due to the presence of the mec gene and resistance to cefoxitin. Of the total strains, 68.7% were typed by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene using the AluI enzyme; derived from this restriction, 17 profiles were generated. Profile 4 (490 bp, 300 bp) was the most frequent, containing a higher number of strains with a higher number of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with greater adaptation to different environments. In this study, a wide genetic diversity of strains of S. aureus from different foods, humans, and animals was found. This demonstrates evolution, genetic versatility, and, therefore, the adaptation of this microorganism in different environments.
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spelling doaj-art-3af1159b4ce34b89abef2a77c26143dc2025-08-20T03:55:36ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-918X1687-91982020-01-01202010.1155/2020/10480971048097Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and AnimalsRoberto Adame-Gómez0Natividad Castro-Alarcón1Amalia Vences-Velázquez2Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez3Abigail Pérez-Valdespino4Marco- Antonio Leyva-Vázquez5Arturo Ramírez-Peralta6Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Inmunobiologia y Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoLaboratorio de Ingenieria Genética, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, MexicoStaphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans and animals able to adapt to multiple environments. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity and virulence profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from food (29 strains), humans (43 strains), and animals (8 strains). 80 lipase-producing strains belonging to a biobank of 360 isolates, identified phenotypically as S. aureus, were selected. Confirmation of the species was made by amplifying the spA gene and 80% (64/80) of the strains were confirmed within this species. The virulence profile of each of the isolates was determined by PCR. The seA gene coding for enterotoxin A was found in 53.1% of the strains, the saK gene, which codes for Staphylokinase, was amplified in 57.8% of the strains, and, finally, the hlB gene coding for β-Hemolysin was amplified in 17.2%. The profile of antimicrobial resistance was determined by the Kirby Bauer method showing that the strains from food presented greater resistance to erythromycin (40.7%) and ciprofloxacin (18.5%) while in strains isolated from humans were to erythromycin (48.4%) and clindamycin (21.2%). Also, in strains from animals, a high resistance to erythromycin was observed (75%). The frequency of MRSA was 12.5% due to the presence of the mec gene and resistance to cefoxitin. Of the total strains, 68.7% were typed by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene using the AluI enzyme; derived from this restriction, 17 profiles were generated. Profile 4 (490 bp, 300 bp) was the most frequent, containing a higher number of strains with a higher number of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with greater adaptation to different environments. In this study, a wide genetic diversity of strains of S. aureus from different foods, humans, and animals was found. This demonstrates evolution, genetic versatility, and, therefore, the adaptation of this microorganism in different environments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1048097
spellingShingle Roberto Adame-Gómez
Natividad Castro-Alarcón
Amalia Vences-Velázquez
Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
Marco- Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
Arturo Ramírez-Peralta
Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
International Journal of Microbiology
title Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
title_full Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
title_fullStr Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
title_short Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals
title_sort genetic diversity and virulence factors of s aureus isolated from food humans and animals
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1048097
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