Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study

Electric bike (e-bike) accidents have emerged as a significant road safety concern in recent years. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study seeks to elucidate the mechanisms underlying e-bike accidents and to develop an e-bike safe system aimed at enhancing e-bike safety and accident preventi...

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Main Authors: Bicen Jia, Jun Li, Qi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/261
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author Bicen Jia
Jun Li
Qi Wang
author_facet Bicen Jia
Jun Li
Qi Wang
author_sort Bicen Jia
collection DOAJ
description Electric bike (e-bike) accidents have emerged as a significant road safety concern in recent years. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study seeks to elucidate the mechanisms underlying e-bike accidents and to develop an e-bike safe system aimed at enhancing e-bike safety and accident prevention. Quantitative analysis was employed to identify key components and their relationships through an event-based examination of a structured accident dataset using a Bayesian network. Complementing this, qualitative methods—including observations and interviews—were conducted to gain deeper insights into how riders interact with other components within the system. This study was carried out in Guangzhou, a metropolitan city with an increasing use of e-bikes and e-bike-related accidents. The key findings of this study are as follows: 1. The safe system of e-bike safety comprises critical components, including infrastructure (roads and facilities), e-bikes, riding behavior, individual riders, and other road users. 2. E-bike accidents predominantly result from dysfunctions of the safe system. The alteration of one component influences other components, which may, in turn, provide feedback to the original component. 3. While riders’ mistakes play a role, the interactions between riders and other components also contribute to the accidents. 4. At the individual rider level, barriers to safe riding include a lack of safety knowledge, low penalties for violations, and high opportunity costs associated with safe riding behaviors. Deficiencies in infrastructure, regulations, and law enforcement contribute to violations and risky riding practices. This study contributes to the current body of accident studies by developing an e-bike safe system.
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spelling doaj-art-3af0d21962fa40a7809f9da6b8bcc0a62025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542025-04-0113426110.3390/systems13040261Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods StudyBicen Jia0Jun Li1Qi Wang2School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaSchool of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaSchool of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaElectric bike (e-bike) accidents have emerged as a significant road safety concern in recent years. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study seeks to elucidate the mechanisms underlying e-bike accidents and to develop an e-bike safe system aimed at enhancing e-bike safety and accident prevention. Quantitative analysis was employed to identify key components and their relationships through an event-based examination of a structured accident dataset using a Bayesian network. Complementing this, qualitative methods—including observations and interviews—were conducted to gain deeper insights into how riders interact with other components within the system. This study was carried out in Guangzhou, a metropolitan city with an increasing use of e-bikes and e-bike-related accidents. The key findings of this study are as follows: 1. The safe system of e-bike safety comprises critical components, including infrastructure (roads and facilities), e-bikes, riding behavior, individual riders, and other road users. 2. E-bike accidents predominantly result from dysfunctions of the safe system. The alteration of one component influences other components, which may, in turn, provide feedback to the original component. 3. While riders’ mistakes play a role, the interactions between riders and other components also contribute to the accidents. 4. At the individual rider level, barriers to safe riding include a lack of safety knowledge, low penalties for violations, and high opportunity costs associated with safe riding behaviors. Deficiencies in infrastructure, regulations, and law enforcement contribute to violations and risky riding practices. This study contributes to the current body of accident studies by developing an e-bike safe system.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/261e-bike accidentssafe system approachriding behaviormixed-methodsBayesian network
spellingShingle Bicen Jia
Jun Li
Qi Wang
Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
Systems
e-bike accidents
safe system approach
riding behavior
mixed-methods
Bayesian network
title Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
title_full Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
title_fullStr Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
title_short Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study
title_sort understanding electric bike accidents through safe system approach in guangzhou china a mixed methods study
topic e-bike accidents
safe system approach
riding behavior
mixed-methods
Bayesian network
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/261
work_keys_str_mv AT bicenjia understandingelectricbikeaccidentsthroughsafesystemapproachinguangzhouchinaamixedmethodsstudy
AT junli understandingelectricbikeaccidentsthroughsafesystemapproachinguangzhouchinaamixedmethodsstudy
AT qiwang understandingelectricbikeaccidentsthroughsafesystemapproachinguangzhouchinaamixedmethodsstudy