Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review

Cadmium is a non - essential heavy metal that is universal in the environment. Man-made activities like disposition of urban waste, smelting, mining, metal processing and utilisation of phosphate-based fertilizers increase the Cd levels within the environment that are detrimental to human health. Th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gulshan Mushtaq, Smita Agrawal, Asha Kushwah, Amit Kumar, Rafiq Lone
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Plant Stress
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001629
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850149301150285824
author Gulshan Mushtaq
Smita Agrawal
Asha Kushwah
Amit Kumar
Rafiq Lone
author_facet Gulshan Mushtaq
Smita Agrawal
Asha Kushwah
Amit Kumar
Rafiq Lone
author_sort Gulshan Mushtaq
collection DOAJ
description Cadmium is a non - essential heavy metal that is universal in the environment. Man-made activities like disposition of urban waste, smelting, mining, metal processing and utilisation of phosphate-based fertilizers increase the Cd levels within the environment that are detrimental to human health. The pollution of soil and water by Cd is extensively reviewed and has attracted enormous researchers due to its deleterious effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. The growth and development of plant is severely impaired by Cd toxicity. The toxicity of Cd causes a number of changes ranging from germination to reduction in yield. The physiological processes of a plant like photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, enzyme activities and mineral uptake are all negatively affected by the Cd toxicity which ultimately result in reduced plant biomass and therefore the yield of plant as well. The plants show various metabolic alterations due to Cd toxicity directly by impact on enzyme activity or by the accumulation of various metabolites or either as ability for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, resulting in oxidative stress or burst .The capability of plants to survive with the Cd toxicity by tolerance and avoidance mechanism through accumulation or stabilize compounds of Cd either by the action of phytochelatins and metallothiones and by vacoular sequestration or compartmentalisation has gained attention for the amendment of Cd contaminated soils. To protect the environment from the Cd toxicity, various remediation strategies are employed either by physiochemical methods, and organic amendments.Currently various molecular approaches like recognization of QTL’s, CRISPR Cas, and operational genomics are implemented to strengthen the tolerance of Cd toxicity in plants could be absolutely friendly.
format Article
id doaj-art-3aea391fbc014c9ebd0bc58612a8d0bb
institution OA Journals
issn 2667-064X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Plant Stress
spelling doaj-art-3aea391fbc014c9ebd0bc58612a8d0bb2025-08-20T02:26:59ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-06-011610089410.1016/j.stress.2025.100894Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A reviewGulshan Mushtaq0Smita Agrawal1Asha Kushwah2Amit Kumar3Rafiq Lone4Department of Botany, Central University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Vegetable Sciences, BM College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, MP, IndiaDepartment of Plat Breeding and Genetics, BM College of Agriculture Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, MP, IndiaDpartment of Horticulture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, MP, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Central University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Corresponding author.Cadmium is a non - essential heavy metal that is universal in the environment. Man-made activities like disposition of urban waste, smelting, mining, metal processing and utilisation of phosphate-based fertilizers increase the Cd levels within the environment that are detrimental to human health. The pollution of soil and water by Cd is extensively reviewed and has attracted enormous researchers due to its deleterious effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. The growth and development of plant is severely impaired by Cd toxicity. The toxicity of Cd causes a number of changes ranging from germination to reduction in yield. The physiological processes of a plant like photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, enzyme activities and mineral uptake are all negatively affected by the Cd toxicity which ultimately result in reduced plant biomass and therefore the yield of plant as well. The plants show various metabolic alterations due to Cd toxicity directly by impact on enzyme activity or by the accumulation of various metabolites or either as ability for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, resulting in oxidative stress or burst .The capability of plants to survive with the Cd toxicity by tolerance and avoidance mechanism through accumulation or stabilize compounds of Cd either by the action of phytochelatins and metallothiones and by vacoular sequestration or compartmentalisation has gained attention for the amendment of Cd contaminated soils. To protect the environment from the Cd toxicity, various remediation strategies are employed either by physiochemical methods, and organic amendments.Currently various molecular approaches like recognization of QTL’s, CRISPR Cas, and operational genomics are implemented to strengthen the tolerance of Cd toxicity in plants could be absolutely friendly.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001629Abiotic stressHeavy metal stressMetabolsimToxicityRemediationManagement
spellingShingle Gulshan Mushtaq
Smita Agrawal
Asha Kushwah
Amit Kumar
Rafiq Lone
Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
Plant Stress
Abiotic stress
Heavy metal stress
Metabolsim
Toxicity
Remediation
Management
title Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
title_full Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
title_fullStr Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
title_full_unstemmed Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
title_short Cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management: A review
title_sort cadmium toxicity in plants and its remediation management a review
topic Abiotic stress
Heavy metal stress
Metabolsim
Toxicity
Remediation
Management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25001629
work_keys_str_mv AT gulshanmushtaq cadmiumtoxicityinplantsanditsremediationmanagementareview
AT smitaagrawal cadmiumtoxicityinplantsanditsremediationmanagementareview
AT ashakushwah cadmiumtoxicityinplantsanditsremediationmanagementareview
AT amitkumar cadmiumtoxicityinplantsanditsremediationmanagementareview
AT rafiqlone cadmiumtoxicityinplantsanditsremediationmanagementareview