Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury

Abstract Background Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications of radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic tumors, and new interventions are needed for its prevention and treatment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from stem cells have attracted much attention due...

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Main Authors: Hu Cao, Liang Yue, Jingyuan Shao, Fanxuan Kong, Shenghua Liu, Hongyu Huai, Zhichao He, Zhuang Mao, Yuefeng Yang, Yingxia Tan, Hua Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Stem Cell Research & Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-04115-2
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author Hu Cao
Liang Yue
Jingyuan Shao
Fanxuan Kong
Shenghua Liu
Hongyu Huai
Zhichao He
Zhuang Mao
Yuefeng Yang
Yingxia Tan
Hua Wang
author_facet Hu Cao
Liang Yue
Jingyuan Shao
Fanxuan Kong
Shenghua Liu
Hongyu Huai
Zhichao He
Zhuang Mao
Yuefeng Yang
Yingxia Tan
Hua Wang
author_sort Hu Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications of radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic tumors, and new interventions are needed for its prevention and treatment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from stem cells have attracted much attention due to their ability to repair injury. However, the role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC)-derived sEVs in protecting cardiac organoids from radiation-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods A radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury model was established by using X-ray radiation, and the optimal radiation dose of 20 Gy was determined by live/dead staining. After radiation, the cardiac organoids were treated with sEVs derived from UCMSCs, and energy metabolism, calcium transient changes and the ultrastructure of the organoids were assessed through Seahorse analysis, optical mapping and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes in mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the RNA-seq results. Results After X-ray radiation, the mortality of cardiac organoids significantly increased, energy metabolism decreased, and calcium transients changed. We also observed that the mitochondrial structure of cardiac organoids was disrupted and that ΔΨm was decreased. These effects could be inhibited by sEVs treatment. sEVs may protect against radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury by regulating oxidative phosphorylation and the p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion sEVs derived from UCMSCs can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced heart disease. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-3ae3357d8d824d18a44f4ecac92ec1cd2025-08-20T02:40:21ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122024-12-0115111810.1186/s13287-024-04115-2Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injuryHu Cao0Liang Yue1Jingyuan Shao2Fanxuan Kong3Shenghua Liu4Hongyu Huai5Zhichao He6Zhuang Mao7Yuefeng Yang8Yingxia Tan9Hua Wang10Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicinePLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical CenterState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineAbstract Background Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications of radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic tumors, and new interventions are needed for its prevention and treatment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from stem cells have attracted much attention due to their ability to repair injury. However, the role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC)-derived sEVs in protecting cardiac organoids from radiation-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods A radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury model was established by using X-ray radiation, and the optimal radiation dose of 20 Gy was determined by live/dead staining. After radiation, the cardiac organoids were treated with sEVs derived from UCMSCs, and energy metabolism, calcium transient changes and the ultrastructure of the organoids were assessed through Seahorse analysis, optical mapping and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes in mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the RNA-seq results. Results After X-ray radiation, the mortality of cardiac organoids significantly increased, energy metabolism decreased, and calcium transients changed. We also observed that the mitochondrial structure of cardiac organoids was disrupted and that ΔΨm was decreased. These effects could be inhibited by sEVs treatment. sEVs may protect against radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury by regulating oxidative phosphorylation and the p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion sEVs derived from UCMSCs can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced heart disease. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-04115-2Radiation-induced heart diseaseMesenchymal stem cellsSmall extracellular vesiclesCardiac organoidsMitochondrial function
spellingShingle Hu Cao
Liang Yue
Jingyuan Shao
Fanxuan Kong
Shenghua Liu
Hongyu Huai
Zhichao He
Zhuang Mao
Yuefeng Yang
Yingxia Tan
Hua Wang
Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Radiation-induced heart disease
Mesenchymal stem cells
Small extracellular vesicles
Cardiac organoids
Mitochondrial function
title Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
title_full Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
title_fullStr Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
title_full_unstemmed Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
title_short Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation-induced cardiac organoid injury
title_sort small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate radiation induced cardiac organoid injury
topic Radiation-induced heart disease
Mesenchymal stem cells
Small extracellular vesicles
Cardiac organoids
Mitochondrial function
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-04115-2
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