Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications

This study investigated the feasibility of using Peucedanum ostruthium leaves, typically regarded as waste, as a substitute for the widely used rhizome. To identify the optimal parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. ostruthium leaves, we used Box–Behnken design in combination with respo...

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Main Authors: Chih-Yu Chen, Guey-Horng Wang, Jong-Tar Kuo, Yueh-Te Lin, Hsiu-Ju Huang, Yu-Chi Chang, Ying-Chien Chung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1636312/full
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author Chih-Yu Chen
Guey-Horng Wang
Jong-Tar Kuo
Jong-Tar Kuo
Yueh-Te Lin
Hsiu-Ju Huang
Yu-Chi Chang
Ying-Chien Chung
author_facet Chih-Yu Chen
Guey-Horng Wang
Jong-Tar Kuo
Jong-Tar Kuo
Yueh-Te Lin
Hsiu-Ju Huang
Yu-Chi Chang
Ying-Chien Chung
author_sort Chih-Yu Chen
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the feasibility of using Peucedanum ostruthium leaves, typically regarded as waste, as a substitute for the widely used rhizome. To identify the optimal parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. ostruthium leaves, we used Box–Behnken design in combination with response surface methodology. The optimal parameters were as follows: ethanol, 80%; extraction temperature, 61.0°C; ultrasonication duration, 35.5 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 20; and ultrasonic power, 249 W. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the inhibition of extracellular tyrosinase activity, scavenging of free radicals, and suppression of various aging-related and inflammatory enzymes by P. ostruthium leaf extract (POLE) were 62.30, 20.62, 8.63, 40.82–91.23, and 12.8–126.4 mg/L, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of POLE for the microorganisms tested in this study were 150–350 and 400–500 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, POLE exhibited strong whitening, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, surpassing those of the rhizome extract. Furthermore, POLE was biologically safe at concentrations of ≤500 mg/L. The extract exhibited remarkable wound healing capacity (92.5%) at 25 mg/L. The average efficiency of transdermal absorption and penetration reached 98%. A total of 34 predominant volatile organic compounds and 19 major nonvolatile organic compounds were identified in POLE. Molecular docking analysis attributed POLE’s whitening effects to both phenolic acids and flavonoids and its antiaging effects to mainly flavonoids. Furthermore, POLE’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects were attributed to flavonoids and coumarins. Overall, as a viable alternative to imported P. ostruthium rhizome extract, POLE holds promise for applications in cosmeceutical, healthcare, and medical products.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-3ad55c73f0e840f8ba9d73a40d4ebcdf2025-08-20T03:03:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-08-011610.3389/fphar.2025.16363121636312Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applicationsChih-Yu Chen0Guey-Horng Wang1Jong-Tar Kuo2Jong-Tar Kuo3Yueh-Te Lin4Hsiu-Ju Huang5Yu-Chi Chang6Ying-Chien Chung7Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City, TaiwanResearch Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, TaiwanThis study investigated the feasibility of using Peucedanum ostruthium leaves, typically regarded as waste, as a substitute for the widely used rhizome. To identify the optimal parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. ostruthium leaves, we used Box–Behnken design in combination with response surface methodology. The optimal parameters were as follows: ethanol, 80%; extraction temperature, 61.0°C; ultrasonication duration, 35.5 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 20; and ultrasonic power, 249 W. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the inhibition of extracellular tyrosinase activity, scavenging of free radicals, and suppression of various aging-related and inflammatory enzymes by P. ostruthium leaf extract (POLE) were 62.30, 20.62, 8.63, 40.82–91.23, and 12.8–126.4 mg/L, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of POLE for the microorganisms tested in this study were 150–350 and 400–500 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, POLE exhibited strong whitening, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, surpassing those of the rhizome extract. Furthermore, POLE was biologically safe at concentrations of ≤500 mg/L. The extract exhibited remarkable wound healing capacity (92.5%) at 25 mg/L. The average efficiency of transdermal absorption and penetration reached 98%. A total of 34 predominant volatile organic compounds and 19 major nonvolatile organic compounds were identified in POLE. Molecular docking analysis attributed POLE’s whitening effects to both phenolic acids and flavonoids and its antiaging effects to mainly flavonoids. Furthermore, POLE’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects were attributed to flavonoids and coumarins. Overall, as a viable alternative to imported P. ostruthium rhizome extract, POLE holds promise for applications in cosmeceutical, healthcare, and medical products.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1636312/fullantioxidant activitycytotoxicitygreen technologyPeucedanum ostruthiumrhizome extracts
spellingShingle Chih-Yu Chen
Guey-Horng Wang
Jong-Tar Kuo
Jong-Tar Kuo
Yueh-Te Lin
Hsiu-Ju Huang
Yu-Chi Chang
Ying-Chien Chung
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
Frontiers in Pharmacology
antioxidant activity
cytotoxicity
green technology
Peucedanum ostruthium
rhizome extracts
title Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
title_full Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
title_fullStr Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
title_short Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Peucedanum ostruthium leaves: a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
title_sort ultrasound assisted extraction of peucedanum ostruthium leaves a feasible alternative to rhizomes for industrial applications
topic antioxidant activity
cytotoxicity
green technology
Peucedanum ostruthium
rhizome extracts
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1636312/full
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