Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease

The application of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has garnered significant attention. Owing to their broad-spectrum activity, global accessibility, and structural diversity, botanical drugs have emerged as promising candidates for adjuncti...

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Main Authors: Han-Zhi Zhong, Pei-Jia Yan, Qi-Feng Gao, Jue Wu, Xiao-Li Ji, Shao-Bin Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1545917/full
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author Han-Zhi Zhong
Pei-Jia Yan
Qi-Feng Gao
Jue Wu
Xiao-Li Ji
Shao-Bin Wei
author_facet Han-Zhi Zhong
Pei-Jia Yan
Qi-Feng Gao
Jue Wu
Xiao-Li Ji
Shao-Bin Wei
author_sort Han-Zhi Zhong
collection DOAJ
description The application of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has garnered significant attention. Owing to their broad-spectrum activity, global accessibility, and structural diversity, botanical drugs have emerged as promising candidates for adjunctive or alternative therapies. This review systematically summarizes botanical drugs and their metabolites, focusing on their antimicrobial potential against endogenous and exogenous pathogens associated with PID. Specifically, it addresses various underlying antibacterial mechanisms, including interference with bacterial cell membranes and cell walls, inhibition of pathogen-specific efflux pumps, modulation of pathogen-related gene expression, and synergistic effects when combined with conventional antibiotics. This review highlights the therapeutic promise of botanical drugs and their metabolites, emphasizing critical findings regarding their inhibitory effects on PID-associated pathogens. Such insights provide valuable guidance for future therapeutic strategies and may support ongoing antibiotic discovery and development.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Pharmacology
spelling doaj-art-3ad490a2b2cb485e9bc4db934c73e9132025-08-20T02:15:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-04-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15459171545917Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseaseHan-Zhi Zhong0Pei-Jia Yan1Qi-Feng Gao2Jue Wu3Xiao-Li Ji4Shao-Bin Wei5School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaThe application of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has garnered significant attention. Owing to their broad-spectrum activity, global accessibility, and structural diversity, botanical drugs have emerged as promising candidates for adjunctive or alternative therapies. This review systematically summarizes botanical drugs and their metabolites, focusing on their antimicrobial potential against endogenous and exogenous pathogens associated with PID. Specifically, it addresses various underlying antibacterial mechanisms, including interference with bacterial cell membranes and cell walls, inhibition of pathogen-specific efflux pumps, modulation of pathogen-related gene expression, and synergistic effects when combined with conventional antibiotics. This review highlights the therapeutic promise of botanical drugs and their metabolites, emphasizing critical findings regarding their inhibitory effects on PID-associated pathogens. Such insights provide valuable guidance for future therapeutic strategies and may support ongoing antibiotic discovery and development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1545917/fullantimicrobialChlamydia trachomatismechanismNeisseria gonorrhoeaepelvic inflammatory disease
spellingShingle Han-Zhi Zhong
Pei-Jia Yan
Qi-Feng Gao
Jue Wu
Xiao-Li Ji
Shao-Bin Wei
Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
Frontiers in Pharmacology
antimicrobial
Chlamydia trachomatis
mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
pelvic inflammatory disease
title Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
title_full Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
title_fullStr Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
title_short Therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
title_sort therapeutic potential of botanical drugs and their metabolites in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
topic antimicrobial
Chlamydia trachomatis
mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
pelvic inflammatory disease
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1545917/full
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