The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion
This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the...
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Rasim Özgür Dönmez
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Alternatif Politika |
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| Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2460884 |
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| author | Hande Sözer |
| author_facet | Hande Sözer |
| author_sort | Hande Sözer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3aca3c43adcf400d992b6ec59787ca96 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1309-0593 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Rasim Özgür Dönmez |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alternatif Politika |
| spelling | doaj-art-3aca3c43adcf400d992b6ec59787ca962025-08-20T03:55:40ZengRasim Özgür DönmezAlternatif Politika1309-05932022-06-0114222926210.53376/ap.2022.082306The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal ExclusionHande Sözer0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-5192MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, METU NORTHERN CYPRUS CAMPUS (NTRC - GÜZELYURT), DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSThis article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2460884"avrupa mülteci krizi"liberal tahammülliberal tahammülsüzlükayırt eden tahammülkayıtsız tahammül“european refugee crisis”liberal toleranceliberal intoleranceindifferent tolerancedifferentiating tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Hande Sözer The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion Alternatif Politika "avrupa mülteci krizi" liberal tahammül liberal tahammülsüzlük ayırt eden tahammül kayıtsız tahammül “european refugee crisis” liberal tolerance liberal intolerance indifferent tolerance differentiating tolerance |
| title | The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion |
| title_full | The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion |
| title_fullStr | The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion |
| title_short | The “European Refugee Crisis” as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion |
| title_sort | european refugee crisis as the crisis of liberal tolerance three modalities of liberal exclusion |
| topic | "avrupa mülteci krizi" liberal tahammül liberal tahammülsüzlük ayırt eden tahammül kayıtsız tahammül “european refugee crisis” liberal tolerance liberal intolerance indifferent tolerance differentiating tolerance |
| url | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2460884 |
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