Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies

Abstract The gastrointestinal (GI) system is fundamental to human health, managing digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Among the pathogens that disrupt this system, Helicobacter pylori (HP) stands out as a major contributor to GI disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and...

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Main Authors: Sourav Pal, Junaid Ahamed Laskar, Biprojit Bhowmick, Khokan Bera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-025-01346-y
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author Sourav Pal
Junaid Ahamed Laskar
Biprojit Bhowmick
Khokan Bera
author_facet Sourav Pal
Junaid Ahamed Laskar
Biprojit Bhowmick
Khokan Bera
author_sort Sourav Pal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The gastrointestinal (GI) system is fundamental to human health, managing digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Among the pathogens that disrupt this system, Helicobacter pylori (HP) stands out as a major contributor to GI disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Given the well-documented and escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance, which undermines the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies, there is a pressing need to explore alternative treatment approaches. This review examines the colonization and the pathophysiology of HP infection, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its associated diseases. Furthermore, this study investigates novel treatments, emphasizing herbal alternatives like curcumin and green tea, which are well-known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities, as well as marine-based remedies like fucoidan and chitosan, which are abundant in bioactive components with antimicrobial and anti-cancer qualities. Their diverse bioactive constituents offer broad-spectrum health benefits, and the absence of observed cross-resistance enhances their therapeutic appeal. This review seeks to provide a holistic approach to managing HP-related disorders by including insights into the digestive system and emerging strategies for treatment.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2522-8307
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series Bulletin of the National Research Centre
spelling doaj-art-3abf4d4326ff4eddb8703c1fdccbc8e02025-08-20T03:42:19ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072025-08-0149111910.1186/s42269-025-01346-yHelicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapiesSourav Pal0Junaid Ahamed Laskar1Biprojit Bhowmick2Khokan Bera3Department of Pharmacology, Seacom Pharmacy CollegeSeacom Pharmacy CollegeDepartment of Pharmacology, Seacom Pharmacy CollegeDepartment of Pharmacy, Seacom Pharmacy CollegeAbstract The gastrointestinal (GI) system is fundamental to human health, managing digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Among the pathogens that disrupt this system, Helicobacter pylori (HP) stands out as a major contributor to GI disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Given the well-documented and escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance, which undermines the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies, there is a pressing need to explore alternative treatment approaches. This review examines the colonization and the pathophysiology of HP infection, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its associated diseases. Furthermore, this study investigates novel treatments, emphasizing herbal alternatives like curcumin and green tea, which are well-known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities, as well as marine-based remedies like fucoidan and chitosan, which are abundant in bioactive components with antimicrobial and anti-cancer qualities. Their diverse bioactive constituents offer broad-spectrum health benefits, and the absence of observed cross-resistance enhances their therapeutic appeal. This review seeks to provide a holistic approach to managing HP-related disorders by including insights into the digestive system and emerging strategies for treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-025-01346-yHelicobacter pyloriCytotoxinGastric disorderCarcinogenesisEmerging therapies
spellingShingle Sourav Pal
Junaid Ahamed Laskar
Biprojit Bhowmick
Khokan Bera
Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Helicobacter pylori
Cytotoxin
Gastric disorder
Carcinogenesis
Emerging therapies
title Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
title_full Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
title_fullStr Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
title_full_unstemmed Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
title_short Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: pathogenesis, gastric microbiome, and innovative therapies
title_sort helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease pathogenesis gastric microbiome and innovative therapies
topic Helicobacter pylori
Cytotoxin
Gastric disorder
Carcinogenesis
Emerging therapies
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-025-01346-y
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AT biprojitbhowmick helicobacterpyloriinpepticulcerdiseasepathogenesisgastricmicrobiomeandinnovativetherapies
AT khokanbera helicobacterpyloriinpepticulcerdiseasepathogenesisgastricmicrobiomeandinnovativetherapies