Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach

Achieving precisely controlled multimetal configurations in the structure of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) through one‐pot reactions remains a synthetic challenge. The use of heterometallic molecular clusters as messenger building units (mBUs) is recently reported as a feasible approach to address...

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Main Authors: Clara López‐García, Alina A. Skorynina, Fátima Esteban‐Betegón, Javier Pérez‐Carvajal, Marta Iglesias, M. Angeles Monge, Enrique Gutiérrez‐Puebla, Felipe Gándara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-07-01
Series:Small Structures
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400581
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author Clara López‐García
Alina A. Skorynina
Fátima Esteban‐Betegón
Javier Pérez‐Carvajal
Marta Iglesias
M. Angeles Monge
Enrique Gutiérrez‐Puebla
Felipe Gándara
author_facet Clara López‐García
Alina A. Skorynina
Fátima Esteban‐Betegón
Javier Pérez‐Carvajal
Marta Iglesias
M. Angeles Monge
Enrique Gutiérrez‐Puebla
Felipe Gándara
author_sort Clara López‐García
collection DOAJ
description Achieving precisely controlled multimetal configurations in the structure of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) through one‐pot reactions remains a synthetic challenge. The use of heterometallic molecular clusters as messenger building units (mBUs) is recently reported as a feasible approach to address this issue in the formation of MOFs with sra topology. Herein, the successful expansion of this approach is reported to achieve MOFs with distinct topologies through the use of linkers with different connectivities, such as the tritopic 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) and the tetratopic tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, (H6TCPP). The reaction of Ga7M mBU (M = Ni, Co) with H3BTB and H6TCPP yields porous MOFs Ga2M‐BTB and Ga7M‐TCPP, with sit and fry topology, respectively. The MOFs incorporate the initially selected metal combinations in their inorganic secondary building units, as demonstrated by the use of X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy, and gas sorption techniques. It is also shown that alginate‐based bead shaped composites can be formed with Ga7M‐TCPP MOFs, and are efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, as demonstrated with their use in the aza‐Henry reaction, showing improvements in activity and selectivity as compared with single‐metal analogues.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-3aa6fe43f2d24f9687c8787fa7859b1f2025-08-20T03:28:40ZengWiley-VCHSmall Structures2688-40622025-07-0167n/an/a10.1002/sstr.202400581Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit ApproachClara López‐García0Alina A. Skorynina1Fátima Esteban‐Betegón2Javier Pérez‐Carvajal3Marta Iglesias4M. Angeles Monge5Enrique Gutiérrez‐Puebla6Felipe Gándara7Materials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainCELLS‐ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la Llum 2‐26, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290 Barcelona SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainMaterials Science Institute of Madrid – Spanish National Research Council (ICMM‐CSIC) Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid SpainAchieving precisely controlled multimetal configurations in the structure of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) through one‐pot reactions remains a synthetic challenge. The use of heterometallic molecular clusters as messenger building units (mBUs) is recently reported as a feasible approach to address this issue in the formation of MOFs with sra topology. Herein, the successful expansion of this approach is reported to achieve MOFs with distinct topologies through the use of linkers with different connectivities, such as the tritopic 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) and the tetratopic tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, (H6TCPP). The reaction of Ga7M mBU (M = Ni, Co) with H3BTB and H6TCPP yields porous MOFs Ga2M‐BTB and Ga7M‐TCPP, with sit and fry topology, respectively. The MOFs incorporate the initially selected metal combinations in their inorganic secondary building units, as demonstrated by the use of X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy, and gas sorption techniques. It is also shown that alginate‐based bead shaped composites can be formed with Ga7M‐TCPP MOFs, and are efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, as demonstrated with their use in the aza‐Henry reaction, showing improvements in activity and selectivity as compared with single‐metal analogues.https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400581messenger building unitsmetal‐organic frameworksmultimetalsphotocatalysis
spellingShingle Clara López‐García
Alina A. Skorynina
Fátima Esteban‐Betegón
Javier Pérez‐Carvajal
Marta Iglesias
M. Angeles Monge
Enrique Gutiérrez‐Puebla
Felipe Gándara
Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
Small Structures
messenger building units
metal‐organic frameworks
multimetals
photocatalysis
title Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
title_full Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
title_fullStr Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
title_full_unstemmed Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
title_short Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
title_sort precisely controlled integration of multiple metal cations in diverse metal organic framework topologies via messenger building unit approach
topic messenger building units
metal‐organic frameworks
multimetals
photocatalysis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400581
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