Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with nearly 17 million cases and 6 million deaths annually. Understanding gender differences in stroke epidemiology is important for optimizing prevention and management strategies. Previous studies have shown variations in...
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Bucharest College of Physicians
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Modern Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Gender-Difference-in-Frequency-Types-Risk-Factors-and-Outcome-in-Stroke-Patients.pdf |
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| author | Naeemuddin SHAIKH Teerth DAS Deepa KUMARI Heema MADHUMAL Irfana ABBASI |
| author_facet | Naeemuddin SHAIKH Teerth DAS Deepa KUMARI Heema MADHUMAL Irfana ABBASI |
| author_sort | Naeemuddin SHAIKH |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with nearly 17 million cases and 6 million deaths annually. Understanding gender differences in stroke epidemiology is important for optimizing prevention and management strategies. Previous studies have shown variations in risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes between males and females. This study aimed to investigate gender disparities in frequency, types, risk factors, and outcomes of acute stroke patients in Pakistan.
Material and Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from October 2023 to April 2024. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit 151 acute stroke patients aged 40-80 years presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset. Data on demographics, stroke type (ischemic/hemorrhagic) based on CT scan, vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc.), and outcomes (in-hospital mortality or discharge) were collected through a pre-designed questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of patients was 64.5±8.9 years. Males comprised 59.6% while females were 40.4% of the sample. Hemorrhagic stroke (55.6%) was more frequent than ischemic stroke (44.4%). The most prevalent modifiable risk factors were tobacco/paan/gutka use (56.3%), hypertension (41.7%), smoking (46.4%), and diabetes mellitus (28.5%). In-hospital mortality occurred in 11.9% patients, while the remaining 88.1% were discharged alive. Stratification analysis showed no significant gender differences in mortality (p=0.889) or discharge (p=0.889) outcomes.
Conclusion: In this sample of Pakistani acute stroke patients, there were no substantial gender disparities found in the in-hospital mortality or discharge. However, males showed a non-significant predominance in frequency. The study is limited by its single-center design and small sample size. More multi-center prospective studies on gender differences across the full spectrum of stroke epidemiology are warranted in Pakistan and other South Asian populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3aa60fa5efbd4bfaa5c51eeceeeef174 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1223-0472 2360-2473 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Bucharest College of Physicians |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Modern Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-3aa60fa5efbd4bfaa5c51eeceeeef1742025-08-20T03:30:33ZengBucharest College of PhysiciansModern Medicine1223-04722360-24732025-06-0132215115910.31689/rmm.2025.32.2.151Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke PatientsNaeemuddin SHAIKH0Teerth DAS1Deepa KUMARI2Heema MADHUMAL3Irfana ABBASI4Department of Neurology, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Neurology, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, PakistanDepartment of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil Hospital Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Neurology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana, PakistanBackground: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with nearly 17 million cases and 6 million deaths annually. Understanding gender differences in stroke epidemiology is important for optimizing prevention and management strategies. Previous studies have shown variations in risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes between males and females. This study aimed to investigate gender disparities in frequency, types, risk factors, and outcomes of acute stroke patients in Pakistan. Material and Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from October 2023 to April 2024. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit 151 acute stroke patients aged 40-80 years presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset. Data on demographics, stroke type (ischemic/hemorrhagic) based on CT scan, vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc.), and outcomes (in-hospital mortality or discharge) were collected through a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: The mean age of patients was 64.5±8.9 years. Males comprised 59.6% while females were 40.4% of the sample. Hemorrhagic stroke (55.6%) was more frequent than ischemic stroke (44.4%). The most prevalent modifiable risk factors were tobacco/paan/gutka use (56.3%), hypertension (41.7%), smoking (46.4%), and diabetes mellitus (28.5%). In-hospital mortality occurred in 11.9% patients, while the remaining 88.1% were discharged alive. Stratification analysis showed no significant gender differences in mortality (p=0.889) or discharge (p=0.889) outcomes. Conclusion: In this sample of Pakistani acute stroke patients, there were no substantial gender disparities found in the in-hospital mortality or discharge. However, males showed a non-significant predominance in frequency. The study is limited by its single-center design and small sample size. More multi-center prospective studies on gender differences across the full spectrum of stroke epidemiology are warranted in Pakistan and other South Asian populations.https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Gender-Difference-in-Frequency-Types-Risk-Factors-and-Outcome-in-Stroke-Patients.pdfstroke frequencystroke typesstroke outcomestroke epidemiologystroke mortalitystroke prognosis |
| spellingShingle | Naeemuddin SHAIKH Teerth DAS Deepa KUMARI Heema MADHUMAL Irfana ABBASI Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients Modern Medicine stroke frequency stroke types stroke outcome stroke epidemiology stroke mortality stroke prognosis |
| title | Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients |
| title_full | Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients |
| title_fullStr | Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients |
| title_short | Gender Difference in Frequency, Types, Risk Factors and Outcome in Stroke Patients |
| title_sort | gender difference in frequency types risk factors and outcome in stroke patients |
| topic | stroke frequency stroke types stroke outcome stroke epidemiology stroke mortality stroke prognosis |
| url | https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Gender-Difference-in-Frequency-Types-Risk-Factors-and-Outcome-in-Stroke-Patients.pdf |
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