Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan

Background and Aim: Salmonella Abortusequi is a significant etiological agent of equine abortions, yet limited genomic data exist, particularly in Central Asia. This study aimed to perform the first genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three S. Abortusequi strains isolated from...

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Main Authors: Temirlan Bakishev, Asylulan Amirgazin, Marat Kuibagarov, Alexander Shevtsov, Zhanar Bakisheva, Gulzhan Yessembekova, Alma Kairzhanova, Ablaikhan Kadyrov, Kui Guo, Xiaojun Wang, Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov, Sergey Borovikov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Veterinary World 2025-06-01
Series:Veterinary World
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Online Access:https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/16.pdf
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author Temirlan Bakishev
Asylulan Amirgazin
Marat Kuibagarov
Alexander Shevtsov
Zhanar Bakisheva
Gulzhan Yessembekova
Alma Kairzhanova
Ablaikhan Kadyrov
Kui Guo
Xiaojun Wang
Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
Sergey Borovikov
author_facet Temirlan Bakishev
Asylulan Amirgazin
Marat Kuibagarov
Alexander Shevtsov
Zhanar Bakisheva
Gulzhan Yessembekova
Alma Kairzhanova
Ablaikhan Kadyrov
Kui Guo
Xiaojun Wang
Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
Sergey Borovikov
author_sort Temirlan Bakishev
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aim: Salmonella Abortusequi is a significant etiological agent of equine abortions, yet limited genomic data exist, particularly in Central Asia. This study aimed to perform the first genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three S. Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in different regions of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on three isolates using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomic assemblies were annotated using SPAdes and Prokka, while phenotypic traits were predicted through BioNumerics. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and prophage elements were identified using established databases. Phylogenetic relationships were examined through whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis against a global panel of S. Abortusequi and related serovars. Results: All isolates displayed high genomic similarity and were classified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi with an antigenic profile of 4:a:e,n,x. Twelve Salmonella pathogenicity islands and three prophages were identified, with ST64B present in all isolates. The ac(6’)-Iaa gene, which confers resistance to aminoglycosides, was detected in all strains. Each genome encoded 101–109 virulence factors, with 94 conserved across isolates. wgSNP analysis confirmed close phylogenetic clustering of the Kazakh strains, with regional variation between northern and southern isolates. Prophage-associated virulence elements, particularly virulence factor protein (SseK), were also documented. Conclusion: This study reveals the genetic uniformity and virulence potential of S. Abortusequi strains circulating in Kazakhstan. The presence of conserved resistance and virulence genes, including prophage-encoded elements, underscores the pathogenic risk posed by these isolates. These findings contribute valuable genomic data for surveillance, diagnosis, and control of salmonellosis in equine populations. Despite the limited sample size, the study establishes a foundation for future genomic epidemiological studies and targeted disease mitigation strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-3a9782635f494b34bb84ca804a55afa82025-08-20T03:47:17ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-06-011861571158010.14202/vetworld.2025.1571-1580Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in KazakhstanTemirlan Bakishev0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-975XAsylulan Amirgazin1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-7758Marat Kuibagarov2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-7620Alexander Shevtsov3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-1053Zhanar Bakisheva4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-0511Gulzhan Yessembekova5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7612Alma Kairzhanova6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-2700Ablaikhan Kadyrov7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-0986Kui Guo8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-1857Xiaojun Wang9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-4099Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3707-3767Sergey Borovikov11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-9732Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Department of Veterinary Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Background and Aim: Salmonella Abortusequi is a significant etiological agent of equine abortions, yet limited genomic data exist, particularly in Central Asia. This study aimed to perform the first genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three S. Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in different regions of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on three isolates using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomic assemblies were annotated using SPAdes and Prokka, while phenotypic traits were predicted through BioNumerics. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and prophage elements were identified using established databases. Phylogenetic relationships were examined through whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis against a global panel of S. Abortusequi and related serovars. Results: All isolates displayed high genomic similarity and were classified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi with an antigenic profile of 4:a:e,n,x. Twelve Salmonella pathogenicity islands and three prophages were identified, with ST64B present in all isolates. The ac(6’)-Iaa gene, which confers resistance to aminoglycosides, was detected in all strains. Each genome encoded 101–109 virulence factors, with 94 conserved across isolates. wgSNP analysis confirmed close phylogenetic clustering of the Kazakh strains, with regional variation between northern and southern isolates. Prophage-associated virulence elements, particularly virulence factor protein (SseK), were also documented. Conclusion: This study reveals the genetic uniformity and virulence potential of S. Abortusequi strains circulating in Kazakhstan. The presence of conserved resistance and virulence genes, including prophage-encoded elements, underscores the pathogenic risk posed by these isolates. These findings contribute valuable genomic data for surveillance, diagnosis, and control of salmonellosis in equine populations. Despite the limited sample size, the study establishes a foundation for future genomic epidemiological studies and targeted disease mitigation strategies.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/16.pdfantimicrobial resistanceequine abortionkazakhstanpathogenicity islandsphylogenomicssalmonella abortusequiwhole-genome sequencing
spellingShingle Temirlan Bakishev
Asylulan Amirgazin
Marat Kuibagarov
Alexander Shevtsov
Zhanar Bakisheva
Gulzhan Yessembekova
Alma Kairzhanova
Ablaikhan Kadyrov
Kui Guo
Xiaojun Wang
Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov
Sergey Borovikov
Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
Veterinary World
antimicrobial resistance
equine abortion
kazakhstan
pathogenicity islands
phylogenomics
salmonella abortusequi
whole-genome sequencing
title Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
title_full Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
title_fullStr Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
title_short Genome-wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three Salmonella Abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in Kazakhstan
title_sort genome wide characterization and comparative phylogenomics of three salmonella abortusequi strains isolated from equine abortions in kazakhstan
topic antimicrobial resistance
equine abortion
kazakhstan
pathogenicity islands
phylogenomics
salmonella abortusequi
whole-genome sequencing
url https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/June-2025/16.pdf
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