The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials

In response to the need to optimize the performance of copper–graphite current-carrying friction materials, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to prepare copper–graphite composite materials with different graphite orientations. A self-made current-carrying friction testing machine was...

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Main Authors: Zhenghai Yang, Wenbo Li, Yingjian Song, Xiaomeng Zheng, Yongzhen Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Lubricants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/238
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author Zhenghai Yang
Wenbo Li
Yingjian Song
Xiaomeng Zheng
Yongzhen Zhang
author_facet Zhenghai Yang
Wenbo Li
Yingjian Song
Xiaomeng Zheng
Yongzhen Zhang
author_sort Zhenghai Yang
collection DOAJ
description In response to the need to optimize the performance of copper–graphite current-carrying friction materials, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to prepare copper–graphite composite materials with different graphite orientations. A self-made current-carrying friction testing machine was used to study the effect of graphite orientation on the current-carrying friction performance of copper–graphite composites. The results showed that as the graphite orientation increased, the current-carrying friction performance of the copper–graphite composites initially improved and then deteriorated. The performance was optimal when the graphite orientation of the 7.5 wt% graphite–copper composite was 90°, primarily constrained by the wear rate. The main wear mechanism was furrowing, and graphite enrichment occurred on the worn surface, where the graphite content on the wear surface was higher than that in the bulk material. The degree of enrichment varied under different wear mechanisms. The graphite content near the entry region of the friction surface was significantly lower than that near the exit region.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-4442
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series Lubricants
spelling doaj-art-3a92e95439174f708e92378170cd6c8d2025-08-20T03:27:37ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-05-0113623810.3390/lubricants13060238The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite MaterialsZhenghai Yang0Wenbo Li1Yingjian Song2Xiaomeng Zheng3Yongzhen Zhang4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaIn response to the need to optimize the performance of copper–graphite current-carrying friction materials, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to prepare copper–graphite composite materials with different graphite orientations. A self-made current-carrying friction testing machine was used to study the effect of graphite orientation on the current-carrying friction performance of copper–graphite composites. The results showed that as the graphite orientation increased, the current-carrying friction performance of the copper–graphite composites initially improved and then deteriorated. The performance was optimal when the graphite orientation of the 7.5 wt% graphite–copper composite was 90°, primarily constrained by the wear rate. The main wear mechanism was furrowing, and graphite enrichment occurred on the worn surface, where the graphite content on the wear surface was higher than that in the bulk material. The degree of enrichment varied under different wear mechanisms. The graphite content near the entry region of the friction surface was significantly lower than that near the exit region.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/238copper–graphite compositescurrent-carrying frictiongraphite orientationgraphite enrichment
spellingShingle Zhenghai Yang
Wenbo Li
Yingjian Song
Xiaomeng Zheng
Yongzhen Zhang
The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
Lubricants
copper–graphite composites
current-carrying friction
graphite orientation
graphite enrichment
title The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
title_full The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
title_fullStr The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
title_short The Influence of Graphite Orientation on the Current-Carrying Friction Performance of Copper–Graphite Composite Materials
title_sort influence of graphite orientation on the current carrying friction performance of copper graphite composite materials
topic copper–graphite composites
current-carrying friction
graphite orientation
graphite enrichment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/238
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