The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant component of the global health crisis, closely linked with anemia. Studies have demonstrated a connection between anemia and inflammation. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a novel metric for evaluating the overall inflammatory or a...

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Main Authors: Nengneng Cao, Jinlan Li, Chun Ling, Jiajia Wang, Furun An
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1538696/full
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author Nengneng Cao
Jinlan Li
Jinlan Li
Chun Ling
Chun Ling
Jiajia Wang
Jiajia Wang
Furun An
author_facet Nengneng Cao
Jinlan Li
Jinlan Li
Chun Ling
Chun Ling
Jiajia Wang
Jiajia Wang
Furun An
author_sort Nengneng Cao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant component of the global health crisis, closely linked with anemia. Studies have demonstrated a connection between anemia and inflammation. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a novel metric for evaluating the overall inflammatory or anti-inflammatory impact of dietary intake. While risk factors for DM are linked to an unhealthy diet, there is currently insufficient research regarding the correlation between DII and anemia among individuals with DM. This study aims to investigate the correlation between DII and anemia among American individuals with DM.MethodsThis study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, encompassing 4,435 participants recorded between 2007 and 2016. We conducted a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the DII and anemia of individuals with DM. Furthermore, we explored their relationship through subgroup analysis and smooth curve fitting techniques.ResultsThis study comprised 726 participants with DM who were anemic and 3,709 who were non-anemic; notably, anemic participants exhibited elevated DII scores (2.05 ± 1.50 vs. 1.70 ± 1.59). In the fully adjusted model, we noted a positive correlation between the DII and anemia (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] =1.03 to 1.16, p = 0.004). Participants in the fully adjusted model had a 9% higher prevalence of anemia for each unit increase in DII. The significant association between anemia and DII persisted even after subgroup analysis. Smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a positive correlation between DII and anemia.ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between DII and anemia in individuals with DM in the United States. It provides important insights into dietary management strategies for diabetic patients with anemia.
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spelling doaj-art-3a8d07cb1a154c268dd672b48f7fe9b72025-08-20T02:48:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-02-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15386961538696The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitusNengneng Cao0Jinlan Li1Jinlan Li2Chun Ling3Chun Ling4Jiajia Wang5Jiajia Wang6Furun An7Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaAnhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant component of the global health crisis, closely linked with anemia. Studies have demonstrated a connection between anemia and inflammation. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a novel metric for evaluating the overall inflammatory or anti-inflammatory impact of dietary intake. While risk factors for DM are linked to an unhealthy diet, there is currently insufficient research regarding the correlation between DII and anemia among individuals with DM. This study aims to investigate the correlation between DII and anemia among American individuals with DM.MethodsThis study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, encompassing 4,435 participants recorded between 2007 and 2016. We conducted a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the DII and anemia of individuals with DM. Furthermore, we explored their relationship through subgroup analysis and smooth curve fitting techniques.ResultsThis study comprised 726 participants with DM who were anemic and 3,709 who were non-anemic; notably, anemic participants exhibited elevated DII scores (2.05 ± 1.50 vs. 1.70 ± 1.59). In the fully adjusted model, we noted a positive correlation between the DII and anemia (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] =1.03 to 1.16, p = 0.004). Participants in the fully adjusted model had a 9% higher prevalence of anemia for each unit increase in DII. The significant association between anemia and DII persisted even after subgroup analysis. Smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a positive correlation between DII and anemia.ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between DII and anemia in individuals with DM in the United States. It provides important insights into dietary management strategies for diabetic patients with anemia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1538696/fulldietary inflammatory indexanemiacross-sectional studyNational Health and Nutrition Examination Surveydiabetes mellitus
spellingShingle Nengneng Cao
Jinlan Li
Jinlan Li
Chun Ling
Chun Ling
Jiajia Wang
Jiajia Wang
Furun An
The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
Frontiers in Nutrition
dietary inflammatory index
anemia
cross-sectional study
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
diabetes mellitus
title The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
title_full The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
title_short The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
title_sort association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus
topic dietary inflammatory index
anemia
cross-sectional study
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
diabetes mellitus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1538696/full
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