Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases
Retroviruses include infectious agents inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In addition, retroviruses are widely used as tools to transfer genes of interest to target cells. Understanding the entry mechanism of retroviruses contributes to developments of novel therapeutic approaches again...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2012-01-01
|
| Series: | Advances in Virology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/640894 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832550478133592064 |
|---|---|
| author | Yoshinao Kubo Hideki Hayashi Toshifumi Matsuyama Hironori Sato Naoki Yamamoto |
| author_facet | Yoshinao Kubo Hideki Hayashi Toshifumi Matsuyama Hironori Sato Naoki Yamamoto |
| author_sort | Yoshinao Kubo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Retroviruses include infectious agents inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In addition, retroviruses are widely used as tools to transfer genes of interest to target cells. Understanding the entry mechanism of retroviruses contributes to developments of novel therapeutic approaches against retrovirus-induced diseases and efficient exploitation of retroviral vectors. Entry of enveloped viruses into host cell cytoplasm is achieved by fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes at either the cell surface or intracellular vesicles. Many animal retroviruses enter host cells through endosomes and require endosome acidification. Ecotropic murine leukemia virus entry requires cathepsin proteases activated by the endosome acidification. CD4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is thought to occur via endosomes, but endosome acidification is not necessary for the entry whereas entry of CD4-independent HIVs, which are thought to be prototypes of CD4-dependent viruses, is low pH dependent. There are several controversial results on the retroviral entry pathways. Because endocytosis and endosome acidification are complicatedly controlled by cellular mechanisms, the retrovirus entry pathways may be different in different cell lines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a88d1bc1d8b4cc3898661848c633369 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8639 1687-8647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Virology |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a88d1bc1d8b4cc3898661848c6333692025-02-03T06:06:39ZengWileyAdvances in Virology1687-86391687-86472012-01-01201210.1155/2012/640894640894Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin ProteasesYoshinao Kubo0Hideki Hayashi1Toshifumi Matsuyama2Hironori Sato3Naoki Yamamoto4Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanDivision of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanDivision of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanDepartment of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanDepartment of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, JapanRetroviruses include infectious agents inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In addition, retroviruses are widely used as tools to transfer genes of interest to target cells. Understanding the entry mechanism of retroviruses contributes to developments of novel therapeutic approaches against retrovirus-induced diseases and efficient exploitation of retroviral vectors. Entry of enveloped viruses into host cell cytoplasm is achieved by fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes at either the cell surface or intracellular vesicles. Many animal retroviruses enter host cells through endosomes and require endosome acidification. Ecotropic murine leukemia virus entry requires cathepsin proteases activated by the endosome acidification. CD4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is thought to occur via endosomes, but endosome acidification is not necessary for the entry whereas entry of CD4-independent HIVs, which are thought to be prototypes of CD4-dependent viruses, is low pH dependent. There are several controversial results on the retroviral entry pathways. Because endocytosis and endosome acidification are complicatedly controlled by cellular mechanisms, the retrovirus entry pathways may be different in different cell lines.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/640894 |
| spellingShingle | Yoshinao Kubo Hideki Hayashi Toshifumi Matsuyama Hironori Sato Naoki Yamamoto Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases Advances in Virology |
| title | Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases |
| title_full | Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases |
| title_fullStr | Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases |
| title_short | Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases |
| title_sort | retrovirus entry by endocytosis and cathepsin proteases |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/640894 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yoshinaokubo retrovirusentrybyendocytosisandcathepsinproteases AT hidekihayashi retrovirusentrybyendocytosisandcathepsinproteases AT toshifumimatsuyama retrovirusentrybyendocytosisandcathepsinproteases AT hironorisato retrovirusentrybyendocytosisandcathepsinproteases AT naokiyamamoto retrovirusentrybyendocytosisandcathepsinproteases |