Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container
Contamination of trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in enclosed spaces is not usually a significant cause for concern; however, it can be relevant in the case of canine scent detection training as a canine’s superior sense of smell makes them highly likely to detect low levels of cont...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Analytica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/3/19 |
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| author | Janet Crespo-Cajigas Abuzar Kabir Joel Carrasco Amatullah Shahid Kenneth G. Furton Lauryn E. DeGreeff |
| author_facet | Janet Crespo-Cajigas Abuzar Kabir Joel Carrasco Amatullah Shahid Kenneth G. Furton Lauryn E. DeGreeff |
| author_sort | Janet Crespo-Cajigas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Contamination of trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in enclosed spaces is not usually a significant cause for concern; however, it can be relevant in the case of canine scent detection training as a canine’s superior sense of smell makes them highly likely to detect low levels of contamination, contributing to inefficient training. Thus, herein, we address the need for a simple, low-cost, robust, vapochromic sensor to determine the cross-contamination of VOCs within closed containers, such as canine training aid kits. This study focuses on the development of a vapor sensor, which produces a rapid colorimetric change when a target chemical vapor is present. A pH indicator is used as the colorimetric dye and its incorporation into a sol–gel matrix on a paper substrate is confirmed via SEM characterization. The sensor’s stability and performance is tested against exposure to various levels of sunlight and temperature. The design allows the sensor to present a clear and unambiguous visible response to the release of the volatile target within a closed container. It can be readily incorporated into existing training kits and functions as a straightforward reminder of when training aids need to be changed or a new containment system should be considered. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a7e1fca93eb46d99e9e346283469dc2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-4532 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Analytica |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a7e1fca93eb46d99e9e346283469dc22025-08-20T01:56:10ZengMDPI AGAnalytica2673-45322024-07-015329531010.3390/analytica5030019Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed ContainerJanet Crespo-Cajigas0Abuzar Kabir1Joel Carrasco2Amatullah Shahid3Kenneth G. Furton4Lauryn E. DeGreeff5Global Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAGlobal Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAGlobal Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAGlobal Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAGlobal Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAGlobal Forensic and Justice Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAContamination of trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in enclosed spaces is not usually a significant cause for concern; however, it can be relevant in the case of canine scent detection training as a canine’s superior sense of smell makes them highly likely to detect low levels of contamination, contributing to inefficient training. Thus, herein, we address the need for a simple, low-cost, robust, vapochromic sensor to determine the cross-contamination of VOCs within closed containers, such as canine training aid kits. This study focuses on the development of a vapor sensor, which produces a rapid colorimetric change when a target chemical vapor is present. A pH indicator is used as the colorimetric dye and its incorporation into a sol–gel matrix on a paper substrate is confirmed via SEM characterization. The sensor’s stability and performance is tested against exposure to various levels of sunlight and temperature. The design allows the sensor to present a clear and unambiguous visible response to the release of the volatile target within a closed container. It can be readily incorporated into existing training kits and functions as a straightforward reminder of when training aids need to be changed or a new containment system should be considered.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/3/19vapochromic sensorvapor cross-contaminationheadspace pHcolorimetric sensorsol–gel |
| spellingShingle | Janet Crespo-Cajigas Abuzar Kabir Joel Carrasco Amatullah Shahid Kenneth G. Furton Lauryn E. DeGreeff Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container Analytica vapochromic sensor vapor cross-contamination headspace pH colorimetric sensor sol–gel |
| title | Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container |
| title_full | Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container |
| title_short | Development of a Paper-Based Sol–Gel Vapochromic Sensor for the Detection of Vapor Cross-Contamination within a Closed Container |
| title_sort | development of a paper based sol gel vapochromic sensor for the detection of vapor cross contamination within a closed container |
| topic | vapochromic sensor vapor cross-contamination headspace pH colorimetric sensor sol–gel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/5/3/19 |
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