FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments

With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become pivotal in ensuring network security. However, the data produced by IoT devices is typically sensitive and tends to display non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) properti...

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Main Authors: Haonan Peng, Chunming Wu, Yanfeng Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4309
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author Haonan Peng
Chunming Wu
Yanfeng Xiao
author_facet Haonan Peng
Chunming Wu
Yanfeng Xiao
author_sort Haonan Peng
collection DOAJ
description With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become pivotal in ensuring network security. However, the data produced by IoT devices is typically sensitive and tends to display non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) properties. These factors impose significant limitations on the application of traditional centralized learning. In response to these issues, this study introduces a novel IDS framework grounded in federated learning and knowledge distillation (KD), termed FD-IDS. The proposed FD-IDS aims to tackle issues related to safeguarding data privacy and distributed heterogeneity. FD-IDS employs mutual information for feature selection to enhance training efficiency. For Non-IID data scenarios, the system combines a proximal term with KD. The proximal term restricts the deviation between local and global models, while KD utilizes the global model to steer the training process of local models. Together, these mechanisms effectively alleviate the problem of model drift. Experiments conducted on both the Edge-IIoT and N-BaIoT datasets demonstrate that FD-IDS achieves promising detection performance across multiple evaluation metrics.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-3a57f08e71c44ebca96049bc08a2dfe22025-08-20T03:32:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514430910.3390/s25144309FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT EnvironmentsHaonan Peng0Chunming Wu1Yanfeng Xiao2College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaChina Mobile Group Huzhou Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313098, ChinaWith the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become pivotal in ensuring network security. However, the data produced by IoT devices is typically sensitive and tends to display non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) properties. These factors impose significant limitations on the application of traditional centralized learning. In response to these issues, this study introduces a novel IDS framework grounded in federated learning and knowledge distillation (KD), termed FD-IDS. The proposed FD-IDS aims to tackle issues related to safeguarding data privacy and distributed heterogeneity. FD-IDS employs mutual information for feature selection to enhance training efficiency. For Non-IID data scenarios, the system combines a proximal term with KD. The proximal term restricts the deviation between local and global models, while KD utilizes the global model to steer the training process of local models. Together, these mechanisms effectively alleviate the problem of model drift. Experiments conducted on both the Edge-IIoT and N-BaIoT datasets demonstrate that FD-IDS achieves promising detection performance across multiple evaluation metrics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4309intrusion detectionIoT securityfederated learningknowledge distillationNon-IIDfeature selection
spellingShingle Haonan Peng
Chunming Wu
Yanfeng Xiao
FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
Sensors
intrusion detection
IoT security
federated learning
knowledge distillation
Non-IID
feature selection
title FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
title_full FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
title_fullStr FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
title_full_unstemmed FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
title_short FD-IDS: Federated Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Intrusion Detection in Non-IID IoT Environments
title_sort fd ids federated learning with knowledge distillation for intrusion detection in non iid iot environments
topic intrusion detection
IoT security
federated learning
knowledge distillation
Non-IID
feature selection
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4309
work_keys_str_mv AT haonanpeng fdidsfederatedlearningwithknowledgedistillationforintrusiondetectioninnoniidiotenvironments
AT chunmingwu fdidsfederatedlearningwithknowledgedistillationforintrusiondetectioninnoniidiotenvironments
AT yanfengxiao fdidsfederatedlearningwithknowledgedistillationforintrusiondetectioninnoniidiotenvironments