The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off

Non-technical summary When developing and deploying negative emissions technologies (NETs), little attention has been paid to where. On the one hand, one might develop NETs where they are likely to contribute most to global mitigation targets, contributing to a global climate solution. On the other...

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Main Author: Kian Mintz-Woo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2023-01-01
Series:Global Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479823000030/type/journal_article
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author Kian Mintz-Woo
author_facet Kian Mintz-Woo
author_sort Kian Mintz-Woo
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description Non-technical summary When developing and deploying negative emissions technologies (NETs), little attention has been paid to where. On the one hand, one might develop NETs where they are likely to contribute most to global mitigation targets, contributing to a global climate solution. On the other hand, one might develop NETs where they can help support development on a regional basis, justified by regional demands. I defend these arguments and suggest that they reflect the values of efficiency and responding to need, respectively. To the extent that these values conflict, they introduce what I call the Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’). Technical summary Unlike other geoengineering methods, the effectiveness of negative emissions technologies (NETs) tends to be sensitive to regional siting. This paper argues that this point raises morally and legally important implications by identifying a trade-off between ‘efficiency’ and ‘need’. First, it introduces two arguments justifying NETs: one focused on contributions to global mitigation and the other focused on contributions to regional development. Second, reflecting the two arguments, the paper discusses the moral values of efficiency and need, respectively. For instance, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to maximize expected mitigation contributions to reflect efficiency, then deployment should occur in regions with the best prospects for success (e.g. Western countries). However, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to improve the chances of simultaneous development and mitigation to respond to need, then deployment should occur in regions with limited development and expected growth of demand for NETs (e.g. Asian countries). When these values conflict, I call that a Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’). The paper concludes by considering the NET Effect in the context of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage as well as direct air carbon capture and storage. Social media summary Should negative emissions technologies be deployed in Western countries for most climate action or Asian where needed for development?
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spelling doaj-art-3a52576de87a4cfdb49e9223a67cbdb12025-08-20T03:48:30ZengCambridge University PressGlobal Sustainability2059-47982023-01-01610.1017/sus.2023.3The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-offKian Mintz-Woo0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9216-9561Department of Philosophy, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Equity and Justice Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, AustriaNon-technical summary When developing and deploying negative emissions technologies (NETs), little attention has been paid to where. On the one hand, one might develop NETs where they are likely to contribute most to global mitigation targets, contributing to a global climate solution. On the other hand, one might develop NETs where they can help support development on a regional basis, justified by regional demands. I defend these arguments and suggest that they reflect the values of efficiency and responding to need, respectively. To the extent that these values conflict, they introduce what I call the Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’). Technical summary Unlike other geoengineering methods, the effectiveness of negative emissions technologies (NETs) tends to be sensitive to regional siting. This paper argues that this point raises morally and legally important implications by identifying a trade-off between ‘efficiency’ and ‘need’. First, it introduces two arguments justifying NETs: one focused on contributions to global mitigation and the other focused on contributions to regional development. Second, reflecting the two arguments, the paper discusses the moral values of efficiency and need, respectively. For instance, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to maximize expected mitigation contributions to reflect efficiency, then deployment should occur in regions with the best prospects for success (e.g. Western countries). However, if the strategy is to try to use NETs to improve the chances of simultaneous development and mitigation to respond to need, then deployment should occur in regions with limited development and expected growth of demand for NETs (e.g. Asian countries). When these values conflict, I call that a Need-Efficiency Trade-off Effect (‘NET Effect’). The paper concludes by considering the NET Effect in the context of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage as well as direct air carbon capture and storage. Social media summary Should negative emissions technologies be deployed in Western countries for most climate action or Asian where needed for development? https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479823000030/type/journal_articlebioenergy with carbon capture and storagecarbon capture and storagecarbon dioxide removalclimate ethicsclimate justicedirect air capturegeoengineeringnegative emissions technologies
spellingShingle Kian Mintz-Woo
The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
Global Sustainability
bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
carbon capture and storage
carbon dioxide removal
climate ethics
climate justice
direct air capture
geoengineering
negative emissions technologies
title The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
title_full The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
title_fullStr The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
title_full_unstemmed The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
title_short The NET effect: negative emissions technologies and the need–efficiency trade-off
title_sort net effect negative emissions technologies and the need efficiency trade off
topic bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
carbon capture and storage
carbon dioxide removal
climate ethics
climate justice
direct air capture
geoengineering
negative emissions technologies
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479823000030/type/journal_article
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