Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report

Background: Pneumopericardium is the presence of air within the pericardial cavity. We report a case of iatrogenic pneumopericardium following pericardiocentesis in a patient with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Additionally, we provide a systematic review of pericardiocentesis-associated pneumoperica...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andreas Merz, Hong Ran, Cheng-Ying Chiu, Henryk Dreger, Daniel Armando Morris, Matthias Schneider-Reigbert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/246
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849246483288686592
author Andreas Merz
Hong Ran
Cheng-Ying Chiu
Henryk Dreger
Daniel Armando Morris
Matthias Schneider-Reigbert
author_facet Andreas Merz
Hong Ran
Cheng-Ying Chiu
Henryk Dreger
Daniel Armando Morris
Matthias Schneider-Reigbert
author_sort Andreas Merz
collection DOAJ
description Background: Pneumopericardium is the presence of air within the pericardial cavity. We report a case of iatrogenic pneumopericardium following pericardiocentesis in a patient with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Additionally, we provide a systematic review of pericardiocentesis-associated pneumopericardium to offer a comprehensive overview and evaluate the role of echocardiography in its diagnosis. Methods: The PubMed database was searched from inception until January 2025 to perform a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate articles on iatrogenic pneumopericardium following pericardiocentesis published in the English language. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports was used to appraise the included case reports. Results: Of the 108 search results obtained, after screening and a backward citation search, 37 articles were selected for inclusion in this review, accounting for a total of 37 patients. According to the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports, 7 case reports were of high quality and 12 of low quality. The overall evidence of quality of the case reports was moderate, and 51.6% of patients developed hemodynamic compromise or showed signs of cardiac tamponade. The main underlying cause for the development of pneumopericardium was issues relating to the catheter drainage system; 64.9% of cases required decompressive therapy. Conclusions: Pneumopericardium can occur as a complication after pericardiocentesis and must therefore be considered in symptomatic patients. While detection by transthoracic echocardiography is difficult and relies on non-validated signs, chest X-ray and computed tomography can provide a definitive diagnosis.
format Article
id doaj-art-3a5226f2f75449c5a1782727425ea8b5
institution Kabale University
issn 2308-3425
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
spelling doaj-art-3a5226f2f75449c5a1782727425ea8b52025-08-20T03:58:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252025-06-0112724610.3390/jcdd12070246Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case ReportAndreas Merz0Hong Ran1Cheng-Ying Chiu2Henryk Dreger3Daniel Armando Morris4Matthias Schneider-Reigbert5Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Echocardiography, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, ChinaDeutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDeutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDeutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDeutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 13353 Berlin, GermanyBackground: Pneumopericardium is the presence of air within the pericardial cavity. We report a case of iatrogenic pneumopericardium following pericardiocentesis in a patient with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Additionally, we provide a systematic review of pericardiocentesis-associated pneumopericardium to offer a comprehensive overview and evaluate the role of echocardiography in its diagnosis. Methods: The PubMed database was searched from inception until January 2025 to perform a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate articles on iatrogenic pneumopericardium following pericardiocentesis published in the English language. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports was used to appraise the included case reports. Results: Of the 108 search results obtained, after screening and a backward citation search, 37 articles were selected for inclusion in this review, accounting for a total of 37 patients. According to the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports, 7 case reports were of high quality and 12 of low quality. The overall evidence of quality of the case reports was moderate, and 51.6% of patients developed hemodynamic compromise or showed signs of cardiac tamponade. The main underlying cause for the development of pneumopericardium was issues relating to the catheter drainage system; 64.9% of cases required decompressive therapy. Conclusions: Pneumopericardium can occur as a complication after pericardiocentesis and must therefore be considered in symptomatic patients. While detection by transthoracic echocardiography is difficult and relies on non-validated signs, chest X-ray and computed tomography can provide a definitive diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/246pneumopericardiumpericardiocentesisechocardiographyair gapswirling bubblecase report
spellingShingle Andreas Merz
Hong Ran
Cheng-Ying Chiu
Henryk Dreger
Daniel Armando Morris
Matthias Schneider-Reigbert
Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
pneumopericardium
pericardiocentesis
echocardiography
air gap
swirling bubble
case report
title Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
title_full Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
title_fullStr Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
title_short Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium After Pericardiocentesis: A Systematic Review and Case Report
title_sort iatrogenic pneumopericardium after pericardiocentesis a systematic review and case report
topic pneumopericardium
pericardiocentesis
echocardiography
air gap
swirling bubble
case report
url https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/246
work_keys_str_mv AT andreasmerz iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport
AT hongran iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport
AT chengyingchiu iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport
AT henrykdreger iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport
AT danielarmandomorris iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport
AT matthiasschneiderreigbert iatrogenicpneumopericardiumafterpericardiocentesisasystematicreviewandcasereport