Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites

This research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, resp...

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Main Authors: Ram Vishal Gandham, Santhanakrishnan Ramraj, Lore Sambhaji, Subha Sivakumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-0070
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author Ram Vishal Gandham
Santhanakrishnan Ramraj
Lore Sambhaji
Subha Sivakumar
author_facet Ram Vishal Gandham
Santhanakrishnan Ramraj
Lore Sambhaji
Subha Sivakumar
author_sort Ram Vishal Gandham
collection DOAJ
description This research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The effect of different combinations of weft, warp, and binder with respect to 3D woven composites in terms of tensile strength, flexure strength, fracture toughness, and impact energy is analyzed in this study. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate four combinations of 3D woven composite fabrics from carbon and Kevlar fibers using hand weaving and a vacuum bagging method, keeping the weaving of the binder at 45°, with respect to weft and warp. On testing the combinations, the CCK specimen provided a higher tensile modulus and peak stress with a medium strength to weight ratio. It reflects the ability of the CCC combination under bending to compress or stretch less when experiencing deformation (strain), while the maximum values (stress) indicate that the CCC can support a larger load. KKC shows the synergistic effect of the fibers, excellent interfacial bond strength, and good material properties. The double cantilever beam test is used to experimentally determine the crack mode opening displacement and energy release rate of laminated composites in mode-I crack type. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is also used to investigate the energy release rate. The KKK combination exhibits very high impact resistance and energy absorption properties in the free fall impact test.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2191-0243
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher De Gruyter
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series Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
spelling doaj-art-3a51842d58cd480eb9e9840ade6b9cab2025-08-20T03:43:00ZengDe GruyterJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials2191-02432025-07-0134168224010.1515/jmbm-2025-0070Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D compositesRam Vishal Gandham0Santhanakrishnan Ramraj1Lore Sambhaji2Subha Sivakumar3School of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Aeronautical Engineering, NITTE Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaSchool of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThis research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The effect of different combinations of weft, warp, and binder with respect to 3D woven composites in terms of tensile strength, flexure strength, fracture toughness, and impact energy is analyzed in this study. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate four combinations of 3D woven composite fabrics from carbon and Kevlar fibers using hand weaving and a vacuum bagging method, keeping the weaving of the binder at 45°, with respect to weft and warp. On testing the combinations, the CCK specimen provided a higher tensile modulus and peak stress with a medium strength to weight ratio. It reflects the ability of the CCC combination under bending to compress or stretch less when experiencing deformation (strain), while the maximum values (stress) indicate that the CCC can support a larger load. KKC shows the synergistic effect of the fibers, excellent interfacial bond strength, and good material properties. The double cantilever beam test is used to experimentally determine the crack mode opening displacement and energy release rate of laminated composites in mode-I crack type. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is also used to investigate the energy release rate. The KKK combination exhibits very high impact resistance and energy absorption properties in the free fall impact test.https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-00703d wovencarbon–kevlar hybridtensile strengthflexural strengthimpact energystrain energytoughness
spellingShingle Ram Vishal Gandham
Santhanakrishnan Ramraj
Lore Sambhaji
Subha Sivakumar
Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
3d woven
carbon–kevlar hybrid
tensile strength
flexural strength
impact energy
strain energy
toughness
title Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
title_full Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
title_fullStr Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
title_short Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
title_sort mechanical characterization of carbon kevlar hybrid woven 3d composites
topic 3d woven
carbon–kevlar hybrid
tensile strength
flexural strength
impact energy
strain energy
toughness
url https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-0070
work_keys_str_mv AT ramvishalgandham mechanicalcharacterizationofcarbonkevlarhybridwoven3dcomposites
AT santhanakrishnanramraj mechanicalcharacterizationofcarbonkevlarhybridwoven3dcomposites
AT loresambhaji mechanicalcharacterizationofcarbonkevlarhybridwoven3dcomposites
AT subhasivakumar mechanicalcharacterizationofcarbonkevlarhybridwoven3dcomposites