Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites
This research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, resp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-0070 |
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| author | Ram Vishal Gandham Santhanakrishnan Ramraj Lore Sambhaji Subha Sivakumar |
| author_facet | Ram Vishal Gandham Santhanakrishnan Ramraj Lore Sambhaji Subha Sivakumar |
| author_sort | Ram Vishal Gandham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The effect of different combinations of weft, warp, and binder with respect to 3D woven composites in terms of tensile strength, flexure strength, fracture toughness, and impact energy is analyzed in this study. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate four combinations of 3D woven composite fabrics from carbon and Kevlar fibers using hand weaving and a vacuum bagging method, keeping the weaving of the binder at 45°, with respect to weft and warp. On testing the combinations, the CCK specimen provided a higher tensile modulus and peak stress with a medium strength to weight ratio. It reflects the ability of the CCC combination under bending to compress or stretch less when experiencing deformation (strain), while the maximum values (stress) indicate that the CCC can support a larger load. KKC shows the synergistic effect of the fibers, excellent interfacial bond strength, and good material properties. The double cantilever beam test is used to experimentally determine the crack mode opening displacement and energy release rate of laminated composites in mode-I crack type. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is also used to investigate the energy release rate. The KKK combination exhibits very high impact resistance and energy absorption properties in the free fall impact test. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a51842d58cd480eb9e9840ade6b9cab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2191-0243 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a51842d58cd480eb9e9840ade6b9cab2025-08-20T03:43:00ZengDe GruyterJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials2191-02432025-07-0134168224010.1515/jmbm-2025-0070Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D compositesRam Vishal Gandham0Santhanakrishnan Ramraj1Lore Sambhaji2Subha Sivakumar3School of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Aeronautical Engineering, NITTE Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore, IndiaSchool of Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThis research work focuses on the experimental analysis for mechanical characterization of 3D woven carbon, Kevlar, and their hybrid composite laminates. According to the research, in 3D weaving, weft, warp, and binder fibers meet along and through the fabrics within the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The effect of different combinations of weft, warp, and binder with respect to 3D woven composites in terms of tensile strength, flexure strength, fracture toughness, and impact energy is analyzed in this study. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate four combinations of 3D woven composite fabrics from carbon and Kevlar fibers using hand weaving and a vacuum bagging method, keeping the weaving of the binder at 45°, with respect to weft and warp. On testing the combinations, the CCK specimen provided a higher tensile modulus and peak stress with a medium strength to weight ratio. It reflects the ability of the CCC combination under bending to compress or stretch less when experiencing deformation (strain), while the maximum values (stress) indicate that the CCC can support a larger load. KKC shows the synergistic effect of the fibers, excellent interfacial bond strength, and good material properties. The double cantilever beam test is used to experimentally determine the crack mode opening displacement and energy release rate of laminated composites in mode-I crack type. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is also used to investigate the energy release rate. The KKK combination exhibits very high impact resistance and energy absorption properties in the free fall impact test.https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-00703d wovencarbon–kevlar hybridtensile strengthflexural strengthimpact energystrain energytoughness |
| spellingShingle | Ram Vishal Gandham Santhanakrishnan Ramraj Lore Sambhaji Subha Sivakumar Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 3d woven carbon–kevlar hybrid tensile strength flexural strength impact energy strain energy toughness |
| title | Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites |
| title_full | Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites |
| title_short | Mechanical characterization of carbon/Kevlar hybrid woven 3D composites |
| title_sort | mechanical characterization of carbon kevlar hybrid woven 3d composites |
| topic | 3d woven carbon–kevlar hybrid tensile strength flexural strength impact energy strain energy toughness |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-0070 |
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