Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014

Abstract The Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric indicator for assessing obesity. Given the well-established association between obesity and periodontitis, this cross-sectional clinical study aimed to investigate the relationship between WWI and severe periodontitis while eva...

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Main Authors: Guiying He, Jiatong Zhang, Xinyue Liu, Zhengjie Qiu, Mengqing Yan, Mingxuan Zhang, Dongyang Wu, Lipei Liu, Cheng Ding, Xing Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14664-y
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author Guiying He
Jiatong Zhang
Xinyue Liu
Zhengjie Qiu
Mengqing Yan
Mingxuan Zhang
Dongyang Wu
Lipei Liu
Cheng Ding
Xing Chen
author_facet Guiying He
Jiatong Zhang
Xinyue Liu
Zhengjie Qiu
Mengqing Yan
Mingxuan Zhang
Dongyang Wu
Lipei Liu
Cheng Ding
Xing Chen
author_sort Guiying He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric indicator for assessing obesity. Given the well-established association between obesity and periodontitis, this cross-sectional clinical study aimed to investigate the relationship between WWI and severe periodontitis while evaluating its potential as a simple predictive marker for periodontitis. The study analyzed periodontal examination data and WWI measurements from participants in the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), employing weighted logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, and subgroup analyses. Among the 10,307 eligible participants, results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between WWI and the prevalence of stage III/IV periodontitis. After comprehensive adjustment for all confounding factors, each 1-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 1.19-fold higher risk of stage III/IV periodontitis (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.32, P = 0.007977). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association showed statistically significant variation only in the hypertension subgroup, indicating that the WWI-severe periodontitis relationship is particularly applicable to non-hypertensive individuals. These findings confirm that WWI can serve as a novel obesity-based predictive indicator for severe periodontitis.
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spelling doaj-art-3a4fb12f98d9446db0ac8ed65ec7ad112025-08-24T11:20:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-14664-yAssociation between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014Guiying He0Jiatong Zhang1Xinyue Liu2Zhengjie Qiu3Mengqing Yan4Mingxuan Zhang5Dongyang Wu6Lipei Liu7Cheng Ding8Xing Chen9Stomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityStomatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityAbstract The Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric indicator for assessing obesity. Given the well-established association between obesity and periodontitis, this cross-sectional clinical study aimed to investigate the relationship between WWI and severe periodontitis while evaluating its potential as a simple predictive marker for periodontitis. The study analyzed periodontal examination data and WWI measurements from participants in the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), employing weighted logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, and subgroup analyses. Among the 10,307 eligible participants, results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between WWI and the prevalence of stage III/IV periodontitis. After comprehensive adjustment for all confounding factors, each 1-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 1.19-fold higher risk of stage III/IV periodontitis (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.32, P = 0.007977). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association showed statistically significant variation only in the hypertension subgroup, indicating that the WWI-severe periodontitis relationship is particularly applicable to non-hypertensive individuals. These findings confirm that WWI can serve as a novel obesity-based predictive indicator for severe periodontitis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14664-yPeriodontitisObesityWeight-adjusted waist indexNHANESCross-sectional study
spellingShingle Guiying He
Jiatong Zhang
Xinyue Liu
Zhengjie Qiu
Mengqing Yan
Mingxuan Zhang
Dongyang Wu
Lipei Liu
Cheng Ding
Xing Chen
Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
Scientific Reports
Periodontitis
Obesity
Weight-adjusted waist index
NHANES
Cross-sectional study
title Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
title_full Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
title_fullStr Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
title_full_unstemmed Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
title_short Association between weight-adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using NHANES 2009–2014
title_sort association between weight adjusted waist index and severe periodontitis using nhanes 2009 2014
topic Periodontitis
Obesity
Weight-adjusted waist index
NHANES
Cross-sectional study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14664-y
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