Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal
Abstract Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen that can cause hospital and community acquired infections. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor contributing to its pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation ability among methicilli...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10943-1 |
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| author | Sarita Manandhar Dipesh Karn Mahendra Raj Shrestha Jivan Shakya Anjana Singh |
| author_facet | Sarita Manandhar Dipesh Karn Mahendra Raj Shrestha Jivan Shakya Anjana Singh |
| author_sort | Sarita Manandhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen that can cause hospital and community acquired infections. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor contributing to its pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation ability among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates and determine SCCmec types. Methods A total of 115 S. aureus were isolated from various clinical samples collected at Nepal Armed Police Hospital from August 2022 to February 2023. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed via a modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of biofilm formation was performed by microtiter plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect mecA, icaA and SCCmec types. Results More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to cefixime and penicillin. Among the total isolates, 66% were multidrug resistant. The disc diffusion method detected 60% of the isolates as MRSA, with 15 isolates lacking the mecA gene. Different levels of biofilm biomass were observed among 86 (75%) of the isolates by microtiter plate method. PCR revealed the presence of the icaA gene in a low number of the isolates (16%). Compared with biofilm nonproducer isolates, biofilm producing S. aureus isolates presented a greater incidence of antibiotic resistance with multi drug resistance (MDR). SCCmec type V (21%) predominated, followed by type II (13%) and most of them were MDR and biofilm producers. Conclusions Our results indicate a relatively high incidence of community acquired S. aureus circulating in the hospital setting. This study is the first to explore the associations between SCCmec types and biofilm formation among clinical isolates in Nepal. Monitoring the prevalence of biofilm producing S. aureus provides valuable insights into the evolving epidemiology of healthcare associated infections, facilitating the development of targeted infection control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a4ec7c306b34bdc8e56aa619e4ab9da |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a4ec7c306b34bdc8e56aa619e4ab9da2025-08-20T03:18:53ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-04-0125111010.1186/s12879-025-10943-1Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in NepalSarita Manandhar0Dipesh Karn1Mahendra Raj Shrestha2Jivan Shakya3Anjana Singh4Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan UniversityTri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan UniversityNepal Armed Police Force HospitalMycobacterial Research Laboratories, Anandaban Hospital, The Leprosy Mission NepalCentral Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan UniversityAbstract Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen that can cause hospital and community acquired infections. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor contributing to its pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation ability among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates and determine SCCmec types. Methods A total of 115 S. aureus were isolated from various clinical samples collected at Nepal Armed Police Hospital from August 2022 to February 2023. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed via a modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of biofilm formation was performed by microtiter plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect mecA, icaA and SCCmec types. Results More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to cefixime and penicillin. Among the total isolates, 66% were multidrug resistant. The disc diffusion method detected 60% of the isolates as MRSA, with 15 isolates lacking the mecA gene. Different levels of biofilm biomass were observed among 86 (75%) of the isolates by microtiter plate method. PCR revealed the presence of the icaA gene in a low number of the isolates (16%). Compared with biofilm nonproducer isolates, biofilm producing S. aureus isolates presented a greater incidence of antibiotic resistance with multi drug resistance (MDR). SCCmec type V (21%) predominated, followed by type II (13%) and most of them were MDR and biofilm producers. Conclusions Our results indicate a relatively high incidence of community acquired S. aureus circulating in the hospital setting. This study is the first to explore the associations between SCCmec types and biofilm formation among clinical isolates in Nepal. Monitoring the prevalence of biofilm producing S. aureus provides valuable insights into the evolving epidemiology of healthcare associated infections, facilitating the development of targeted infection control strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10943-1BiofilmIcaAMecAMethicillin-resistant S. aureusSCCmec type |
| spellingShingle | Sarita Manandhar Dipesh Karn Mahendra Raj Shrestha Jivan Shakya Anjana Singh Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal BMC Infectious Diseases Biofilm IcaA MecA Methicillin-resistant S. aureus SCCmec type |
| title | Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal |
| title_full | Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal |
| title_fullStr | Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal |
| title_short | Biofilm formation, methicillin resistance and SCCmec types among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital, in Nepal |
| title_sort | biofilm formation methicillin resistance and sccmec types among staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital in nepal |
| topic | Biofilm IcaA MecA Methicillin-resistant S. aureus SCCmec type |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10943-1 |
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