Efficacy and safety outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent cholangiocarcinoma: a real-world, multicenter and retrospective study

Efficacy and safety outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent cholangiocarcinoma: a real-world, multicenter and retrospective study

Abstract Background The recurrence rate of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is high, and there are currently no evidence-based treatments for recurrent CCA. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibito...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lihui Lin, Yansong Lin, Wei Chen, Xia Yang, Xianwen Guo, Yanqin Wu, Xiaoyu Yin, Zhen Ding, Jingping Yun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cancer
Subjects:
Cholangiocarcinoma
Recurrent
PD-1
PD-L1
Efficacy
Safety
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14459-4
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