Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs

Abstract The vertical fracture propagation morphology in sand-coal interbedded reservoirs is predominantly governed by interlayer mechanical relationships, intra-layer petrophysical properties, and fracturing operation parameters. This study conducted physical simulation experiments on sand-coal int...

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Main Authors: Shao Mingren, Li Bin, Wang Peng, Wang Kunjian, Yang Qi, Sun Zening, An Qi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14117-6
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author Shao Mingren
Li Bin
Wang Peng
Wang Kunjian
Yang Qi
Sun Zening
An Qi
author_facet Shao Mingren
Li Bin
Wang Peng
Wang Kunjian
Yang Qi
Sun Zening
An Qi
author_sort Shao Mingren
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The vertical fracture propagation morphology in sand-coal interbedded reservoirs is predominantly governed by interlayer mechanical relationships, intra-layer petrophysical properties, and fracturing operation parameters. This study conducted physical simulation experiments on sand-coal interbedded combinations using a large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, investigating the effects of in-situ stress, injection rate, interfacial cementation strength, rock stacking patterns, and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture morphology. The experimental findings reveal: The vertical stress difference coefficient can be defined as the interlayer penetration criterion. Specifically, when the minimum vertical stress difference coefficient requirement is satisfied while other conditions act as secondary factors, fracture penetration across layers becomes feasible. However, due to coal seams’ inherent characteristics of well-developed cleat systems and strong water absorbency, achieving interlayer penetration proves more challenging in coal layers compared to sandstone formations. A higher injection rate facilitates fracture communication with adjacent layers and interfacial intersections, while controlled injection rates prove effective in restraining fracture height extension. Fractures exhibit greater penetration capability through high-strength cemented interfaces, whereas they preferentially propagate along low-strength interfacial zones; Elevated fracturing fluid viscosity promotes energy retention by minimizing fluid loss, thereby enhancing interlayer penetration—this viscosity-dependent mechanism provides an effective approach for fracture height containment.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-3a4224f971fe467aa29ab34574fc858e2025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-14117-6Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirsShao Mingren0Li Bin1Wang Peng2Wang Kunjian3Yang Qi4Sun Zening5An Qi6China United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdChina United Coalbed Methane Co., LtdAbstract The vertical fracture propagation morphology in sand-coal interbedded reservoirs is predominantly governed by interlayer mechanical relationships, intra-layer petrophysical properties, and fracturing operation parameters. This study conducted physical simulation experiments on sand-coal interbedded combinations using a large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, investigating the effects of in-situ stress, injection rate, interfacial cementation strength, rock stacking patterns, and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture morphology. The experimental findings reveal: The vertical stress difference coefficient can be defined as the interlayer penetration criterion. Specifically, when the minimum vertical stress difference coefficient requirement is satisfied while other conditions act as secondary factors, fracture penetration across layers becomes feasible. However, due to coal seams’ inherent characteristics of well-developed cleat systems and strong water absorbency, achieving interlayer penetration proves more challenging in coal layers compared to sandstone formations. A higher injection rate facilitates fracture communication with adjacent layers and interfacial intersections, while controlled injection rates prove effective in restraining fracture height extension. Fractures exhibit greater penetration capability through high-strength cemented interfaces, whereas they preferentially propagate along low-strength interfacial zones; Elevated fracturing fluid viscosity promotes energy retention by minimizing fluid loss, thereby enhancing interlayer penetration—this viscosity-dependent mechanism provides an effective approach for fracture height containment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14117-6Coal-measure reservoirsSand-coal interbedsHydraulic fracturesFracture interlayer penetration
spellingShingle Shao Mingren
Li Bin
Wang Peng
Wang Kunjian
Yang Qi
Sun Zening
An Qi
Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
Scientific Reports
Coal-measure reservoirs
Sand-coal interbeds
Hydraulic fractures
Fracture interlayer penetration
title Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
title_full Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
title_fullStr Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
title_full_unstemmed Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
title_short Experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs
title_sort experimental investigation into vertical extension behavior of coal measure tight sandstone reservoirs
topic Coal-measure reservoirs
Sand-coal interbeds
Hydraulic fractures
Fracture interlayer penetration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14117-6
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