Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement

Human enhancement involves interventions that enhance physical or cognitive performance or overall wellbeing beyond typical human limits. The consequence of human enhancement has the potential to radically reshape society and the very existence of our species, requiring careful consideration of its...

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Main Authors: Chiara Gerardi, Christodoulos Xinaris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1595213/full
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author Chiara Gerardi
Christodoulos Xinaris
author_facet Chiara Gerardi
Christodoulos Xinaris
author_sort Chiara Gerardi
collection DOAJ
description Human enhancement involves interventions that enhance physical or cognitive performance or overall wellbeing beyond typical human limits. The consequence of human enhancement has the potential to radically reshape society and the very existence of our species, requiring careful consideration of its ethical and regulatory boundaries. In this paper, we explore current applications of human enhancement, including motor neuro -prostheses, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and gene therapy. We analysed key unresolved challenges and potential solutions, focusing on regulatory and policy frameworks, ethical considerations in clinical research, transparency through registries, traceability of interventions, and the role of informed decision-making and consent. Finally, we critically examine the evolving definition of health and the need to delineate clear boundaries between prevention and enhancement. By addressing these issues, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing dialog on the responsible development and implementation of human enhancement technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-3a38b7fa553345f8bc33f37cccf657a92025-08-20T03:28:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-07-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15952131595213Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancementChiara GerardiChristodoulos XinarisHuman enhancement involves interventions that enhance physical or cognitive performance or overall wellbeing beyond typical human limits. The consequence of human enhancement has the potential to radically reshape society and the very existence of our species, requiring careful consideration of its ethical and regulatory boundaries. In this paper, we explore current applications of human enhancement, including motor neuro -prostheses, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and gene therapy. We analysed key unresolved challenges and potential solutions, focusing on regulatory and policy frameworks, ethical considerations in clinical research, transparency through registries, traceability of interventions, and the role of informed decision-making and consent. Finally, we critically examine the evolving definition of health and the need to delineate clear boundaries between prevention and enhancement. By addressing these issues, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing dialog on the responsible development and implementation of human enhancement technologies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1595213/fullhuman enhancementgene editingregulatoryethicscognitive enhancementphysical enhancement
spellingShingle Chiara Gerardi
Christodoulos Xinaris
Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
Frontiers in Medicine
human enhancement
gene editing
regulatory
ethics
cognitive enhancement
physical enhancement
title Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
title_full Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
title_fullStr Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
title_full_unstemmed Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
title_short Beyond human limits: the ethical, social, and regulatory implications of human enhancement
title_sort beyond human limits the ethical social and regulatory implications of human enhancement
topic human enhancement
gene editing
regulatory
ethics
cognitive enhancement
physical enhancement
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1595213/full
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AT christodoulosxinaris beyondhumanlimitstheethicalsocialandregulatoryimplicationsofhumanenhancement