Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017.
<h4>Background</h4>Influenza epidemiological and virologic data from Georgia are limited. We aimed to present Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance data and characterize influenza viruses circulating in the country over three influenza se...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201207&type=printable |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850229308752134144 |
|---|---|
| author | Ann Machablishvili Giorgi Chakhunashvili Khatuna Zakhashvili Irakli Karseladze Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi Mari Gavashelidze Tamar Jashiashvili Lela Sabadze Paata Imnadze Rodney S Daniels Burcu Ermetal John W McCauley |
| author_facet | Ann Machablishvili Giorgi Chakhunashvili Khatuna Zakhashvili Irakli Karseladze Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi Mari Gavashelidze Tamar Jashiashvili Lela Sabadze Paata Imnadze Rodney S Daniels Burcu Ermetal John W McCauley |
| author_sort | Ann Machablishvili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Influenza epidemiological and virologic data from Georgia are limited. We aimed to present Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance data and characterize influenza viruses circulating in the country over three influenza seasons.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed sentinel site ILI and SARI data for the 2014-2017 seasons in Georgia. Patients' samples were screened by real-time RT-PCR and influenza viruses isolated were characterized antigenically by haemagglutination inhibition assay and genetically by sequencing of HA and NA genes.<h4>Results</h4>32% (397/1248) of ILI and 29% (581/1997) of SARI patients tested were positive for influenza viruses. In 2014-2015 the median week of influenza detection was week 7/2015 with B/Yamagata lineage viruses dominating (79%); in 2015-2016-week 5/2016 was the median with A/H1N1pdm09 viruses prevailing (83%); and in 2016-2017 a bimodal distribution of influenza activity was observed-the first wave was caused by A/H3N2 (55%) with median week 51/2016 and the second by B/Victoria lineage viruses (45%) with median week 9/2017. For ILI, influenza virus detection was highest in children aged 5-14 years while for SARI patients most were aged >15 years and 27 (4.6%) of 581 SARI cases died during the three seasons. Persons aged 30-64 years had the highest risk of fatal outcome, notably those infected with A/H1N1pdm09 (OR 11.41, CI 3.94-33.04, p<0.001). A/H1N1pdm09 viruses analyzed by gene sequencing fell into genetic groups 6B and 6B.1; A/H3N2 viruses belonged to genetic subclades 3C.3b, 3C.3a, 3C.2a and 3C.2a1; B/Yamagata lineage viruses were of clade 3 and B/Victoria lineage viruses fell in clade1A.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In Georgia influenza virus activity occurred mainly from December through March in all seasons, with varying peak weeks and predominating viruses. Around one third of ILI/ SARI cases were associated with influenza caused by antigenically and genetically distinct influenza viruses over the course of the three seasons. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a275fa2baa244d0a7b773938332817c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a275fa2baa244d0a7b773938332817c2025-08-20T02:04:17ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01137e020120710.1371/journal.pone.0201207Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017.Ann MachablishviliGiorgi ChakhunashviliKhatuna ZakhashviliIrakli KarseladzeOlgha Tarkhan-MouraviMari GavashelidzeTamar JashiashviliLela SabadzePaata ImnadzeRodney S DanielsBurcu ErmetalJohn W McCauley<h4>Background</h4>Influenza epidemiological and virologic data from Georgia are limited. We aimed to present Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance data and characterize influenza viruses circulating in the country over three influenza seasons.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed sentinel site ILI and SARI data for the 2014-2017 seasons in Georgia. Patients' samples were screened by real-time RT-PCR and influenza viruses isolated were characterized antigenically by haemagglutination inhibition assay and genetically by sequencing of HA and NA genes.<h4>Results</h4>32% (397/1248) of ILI and 29% (581/1997) of SARI patients tested were positive for influenza viruses. In 2014-2015 the median week of influenza detection was week 7/2015 with B/Yamagata lineage viruses dominating (79%); in 2015-2016-week 5/2016 was the median with A/H1N1pdm09 viruses prevailing (83%); and in 2016-2017 a bimodal distribution of influenza activity was observed-the first wave was caused by A/H3N2 (55%) with median week 51/2016 and the second by B/Victoria lineage viruses (45%) with median week 9/2017. For ILI, influenza virus detection was highest in children aged 5-14 years while for SARI patients most were aged >15 years and 27 (4.6%) of 581 SARI cases died during the three seasons. Persons aged 30-64 years had the highest risk of fatal outcome, notably those infected with A/H1N1pdm09 (OR 11.41, CI 3.94-33.04, p<0.001). A/H1N1pdm09 viruses analyzed by gene sequencing fell into genetic groups 6B and 6B.1; A/H3N2 viruses belonged to genetic subclades 3C.3b, 3C.3a, 3C.2a and 3C.2a1; B/Yamagata lineage viruses were of clade 3 and B/Victoria lineage viruses fell in clade1A.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In Georgia influenza virus activity occurred mainly from December through March in all seasons, with varying peak weeks and predominating viruses. Around one third of ILI/ SARI cases were associated with influenza caused by antigenically and genetically distinct influenza viruses over the course of the three seasons.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201207&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Ann Machablishvili Giorgi Chakhunashvili Khatuna Zakhashvili Irakli Karseladze Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi Mari Gavashelidze Tamar Jashiashvili Lela Sabadze Paata Imnadze Rodney S Daniels Burcu Ermetal John W McCauley Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. PLoS ONE |
| title | Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. |
| title_full | Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. |
| title_fullStr | Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. |
| title_short | Overview of three influenza seasons in Georgia, 2014-2017. |
| title_sort | overview of three influenza seasons in georgia 2014 2017 |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201207&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annmachablishvili overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT giorgichakhunashvili overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT khatunazakhashvili overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT iraklikarseladze overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT olghatarkhanmouravi overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT marigavashelidze overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT tamarjashiashvili overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT lelasabadze overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT paataimnadze overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT rodneysdaniels overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT burcuermetal overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 AT johnwmccauley overviewofthreeinfluenzaseasonsingeorgia20142017 |