Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern

Abstract Despite the continuous global warming, over the past several decades, the tropical East Pacific has experienced a cooling trend whose origin remains an area of active research. Mounting evidence has linked tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns to changes in the Southern Ocean via...

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Main Authors: Yue Dong, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Yen-Ting Hwang, Mark R. England
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01020-0
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author Yue Dong
Lorenzo M. Polvani
Yen-Ting Hwang
Mark R. England
author_facet Yue Dong
Lorenzo M. Polvani
Yen-Ting Hwang
Mark R. England
author_sort Yue Dong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite the continuous global warming, over the past several decades, the tropical East Pacific has experienced a cooling trend whose origin remains an area of active research. Mounting evidence has linked tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns to changes in the Southern Ocean via remote teleconnections. Using a fully-coupled global climate model, we demonstrate that stratospheric ozone depletion can produce a La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern resembling recent observations. This tropical response initially arises from mid-latitude ocean adjustments to ozone-driven surface wind anomalies, which then enhance in the tropics via positive cloud feedback and wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Our finding suggests that the observed La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern may have been, in part, caused by the formation of the ozone hole in the late 20th century. It also implies that ozone recovery in the coming decades will likely contribute to a future weakening or reversal of the observed tropical SST trends.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2397-3722
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-3a0c3a85944b4eaca1f0c1dde649fa142025-08-20T02:20:23ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-04-01811910.1038/s41612-025-01020-0Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling patternYue Dong0Lorenzo M. Polvani1Yen-Ting Hwang2Mark R. England3Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los AngelesLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of ExeterAbstract Despite the continuous global warming, over the past several decades, the tropical East Pacific has experienced a cooling trend whose origin remains an area of active research. Mounting evidence has linked tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns to changes in the Southern Ocean via remote teleconnections. Using a fully-coupled global climate model, we demonstrate that stratospheric ozone depletion can produce a La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern resembling recent observations. This tropical response initially arises from mid-latitude ocean adjustments to ozone-driven surface wind anomalies, which then enhance in the tropics via positive cloud feedback and wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Our finding suggests that the observed La Niña-like tropical SST trend pattern may have been, in part, caused by the formation of the ozone hole in the late 20th century. It also implies that ozone recovery in the coming decades will likely contribute to a future weakening or reversal of the observed tropical SST trends.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01020-0
spellingShingle Yue Dong
Lorenzo M. Polvani
Yen-Ting Hwang
Mark R. England
Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
title_full Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
title_fullStr Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
title_full_unstemmed Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
title_short Stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical La Niña-like cooling pattern
title_sort stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to the recent tropical la nina like cooling pattern
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01020-0
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AT lorenzompolvani stratosphericozonedepletionhascontributedtotherecenttropicallaninalikecoolingpattern
AT yentinghwang stratosphericozonedepletionhascontributedtotherecenttropicallaninalikecoolingpattern
AT markrengland stratosphericozonedepletionhascontributedtotherecenttropicallaninalikecoolingpattern