CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population
Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the furcation groove’s (FG) prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness (DT) in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars (MFPM’s) in Saudi Sub-population. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Qassim University, KSA, o...
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2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06364-w |
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| author | Safia S. Shaikh Muhammad Qasim Javed Ahmed Ali Zaina Ahmad Khawlah Almohimeed Ayman M. Abulhamael Ra’fat I. Farah |
| author_facet | Safia S. Shaikh Muhammad Qasim Javed Ahmed Ali Zaina Ahmad Khawlah Almohimeed Ayman M. Abulhamael Ra’fat I. Farah |
| author_sort | Safia S. Shaikh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the furcation groove’s (FG) prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness (DT) in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars (MFPM’s) in Saudi Sub-population. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Qassim University, KSA, on 156 CBCT images. The presence of FG, its length, depth, and associated DT at the deepest point were recorded. Measurements were performed independently by two calibrated examiners. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26, with chi-square tests applied to assess gender- and quadrant-wise differences. The significance level for this study was set to be p < 0.05. Results Among the studied MFPMs, 71% exhibited FGs on the palatal facet of the buccal root. The mean FG length was 4.16 mm, mean FG depth was 0.56 mm, and mean DT at the deepest point was 0.82 mm. No significant differences were found in FG prevalence based on gender or quadrant. Most grooves were located at the furcation level (75.8%), while the remaining were found below (16.7%) or before (7.5%) the furcation. Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative association between groove depth and dentin thickness (ρ = -0.180, p = 0.049). Multivariable ordinal regression identified male gender as the primary predictor of higher dentin thickness risk categories (OR = 5.12, p < 0.001), while groove morphometric parameters were not significant predictors. Conclusions The high prevalence of FG in MFPMs and its significant association with reduced DT highlight its clinical importance. These anatomical features increase the risk of complications during endodontic treatment (ET), including strip perforations and vertical root fractures. In order to identify at-risk areas, preoperative CBCT evaluation is essential as this allows for modified treatment strategies to preserve root integrity and improve ET outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3a00bbfd1eb8460aa7b77ab6a8a1acc2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-3a00bbfd1eb8460aa7b77ab6a8a1acc22025-08-20T03:04:15ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-012511710.1186/s12903-025-06364-wCBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-populationSafia S. Shaikh0Muhammad Qasim Javed1Ahmed Ali2Zaina Ahmad3Khawlah Almohimeed4Ayman M. Abulhamael5Ra’fat I. Farah6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim UniversityDental Care Centre, Private Practice Limited to EndodonticsMSc Public Health, University of DebrecenDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim UniversityDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim UniversityAbstract Background The study aimed to investigate the furcation groove’s (FG) prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness (DT) in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars (MFPM’s) in Saudi Sub-population. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Qassim University, KSA, on 156 CBCT images. The presence of FG, its length, depth, and associated DT at the deepest point were recorded. Measurements were performed independently by two calibrated examiners. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26, with chi-square tests applied to assess gender- and quadrant-wise differences. The significance level for this study was set to be p < 0.05. Results Among the studied MFPMs, 71% exhibited FGs on the palatal facet of the buccal root. The mean FG length was 4.16 mm, mean FG depth was 0.56 mm, and mean DT at the deepest point was 0.82 mm. No significant differences were found in FG prevalence based on gender or quadrant. Most grooves were located at the furcation level (75.8%), while the remaining were found below (16.7%) or before (7.5%) the furcation. Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative association between groove depth and dentin thickness (ρ = -0.180, p = 0.049). Multivariable ordinal regression identified male gender as the primary predictor of higher dentin thickness risk categories (OR = 5.12, p < 0.001), while groove morphometric parameters were not significant predictors. Conclusions The high prevalence of FG in MFPMs and its significant association with reduced DT highlight its clinical importance. These anatomical features increase the risk of complications during endodontic treatment (ET), including strip perforations and vertical root fractures. In order to identify at-risk areas, preoperative CBCT evaluation is essential as this allows for modified treatment strategies to preserve root integrity and improve ET outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06364-wCone-beam computed tomographyDentin thicknessEndodontic treatment Furcation grooveMaxillary first premolarRoot morphology |
| spellingShingle | Safia S. Shaikh Muhammad Qasim Javed Ahmed Ali Zaina Ahmad Khawlah Almohimeed Ayman M. Abulhamael Ra’fat I. Farah CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population BMC Oral Health Cone-beam computed tomography Dentin thickness Endodontic treatment Furcation groove Maxillary first premolar Root morphology |
| title | CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population |
| title_full | CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population |
| title_fullStr | CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population |
| title_full_unstemmed | CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population |
| title_short | CBCT based investigation of furcation groove’s prevalence, depth, length and associated dentin thickness in Maxillary First Permanent Premolars in Saudi Sub-population |
| title_sort | cbct based investigation of furcation groove s prevalence depth length and associated dentin thickness in maxillary first permanent premolars in saudi sub population |
| topic | Cone-beam computed tomography Dentin thickness Endodontic treatment Furcation groove Maxillary first premolar Root morphology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06364-w |
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