Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory fundus disease primarily affecting the outer retina. It is characterized by transient yellow-white dots on the outer retina. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, the progress in multimodal imaging (MMI) has enhanced our un...

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Main Authors: Zhen-Yu Liu, Hang Zhang, Xiu-Li Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS) 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/9/20250920.pdf
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author Zhen-Yu Liu
Hang Zhang
Xiu-Li Sun
author_facet Zhen-Yu Liu
Hang Zhang
Xiu-Li Sun
author_sort Zhen-Yu Liu
collection DOAJ
description Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory fundus disease primarily affecting the outer retina. It is characterized by transient yellow-white dots on the outer retina. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, the progress in multimodal imaging (MMI) has enhanced our understanding of MEWDS. Most cases of MEWDS are idiopathic, lacking a definite cause, and can spontaneously recover; these are what we term classic MEWDS. Consequently, MEWDS is often referred to as the “common cold of the retina”. Simultaneously, patients with other disorders may present with varying degrees of manifestations similar to MEWDS. The resemblance in clinical or imaging findings can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. These MEWDS - like presentations are actually caused by other systemic or ocular disorders with diverse mechanisms. Thus, they differ from classic MEWDS in certain aspects. Using the keywords “MEWDS-like” and “Secondary MEWDS”, we searched for all relevant studies published in the PubMed database from January 2021 to January 2024. Subsequently, we retrospectively summarized the clinical and imaging characteristics of MEWDS, along with the manifestations in other diseases that resembled those of MEWDS, and compared classic MEWDS with these similar presentations. Based on our review, we classified such similar presentations under other conditions into two categories and summarized their features for differential diagnosis. We recommend paying close attention to patients suspected of having MEWDS, as there may be more serious systemic or ocular disorders that require prompt treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-39f34b9a09e440dabb4e2ffe6aa03f252025-08-22T06:07:08ZengPress of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)International Journal of Ophthalmology2222-39592227-48982025-09-011891777178910.18240/ijo.2025.09.2020250920Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative reviewZhen-Yu Liu0Hang Zhang1Xiu-Li Sun2Zhen-Yu Liu. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. liuzhenyu0592@163.comBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, ChinaBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, ChinaMultiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory fundus disease primarily affecting the outer retina. It is characterized by transient yellow-white dots on the outer retina. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, the progress in multimodal imaging (MMI) has enhanced our understanding of MEWDS. Most cases of MEWDS are idiopathic, lacking a definite cause, and can spontaneously recover; these are what we term classic MEWDS. Consequently, MEWDS is often referred to as the “common cold of the retina”. Simultaneously, patients with other disorders may present with varying degrees of manifestations similar to MEWDS. The resemblance in clinical or imaging findings can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. These MEWDS - like presentations are actually caused by other systemic or ocular disorders with diverse mechanisms. Thus, they differ from classic MEWDS in certain aspects. Using the keywords “MEWDS-like” and “Secondary MEWDS”, we searched for all relevant studies published in the PubMed database from January 2021 to January 2024. Subsequently, we retrospectively summarized the clinical and imaging characteristics of MEWDS, along with the manifestations in other diseases that resembled those of MEWDS, and compared classic MEWDS with these similar presentations. Based on our review, we classified such similar presentations under other conditions into two categories and summarized their features for differential diagnosis. We recommend paying close attention to patients suspected of having MEWDS, as there may be more serious systemic or ocular disorders that require prompt treatment.http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/9/20250920.pdfclassic multiple evanescent white dot syndromeepiphenomenon multiple evanescent white dot syndromemultiple evanescent white dot syndromemultimodal imagingsecondary multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
spellingShingle Zhen-Yu Liu
Hang Zhang
Xiu-Li Sun
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
International Journal of Ophthalmology
classic multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
epiphenomenon multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
multimodal imaging
secondary multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
title Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
title_full Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
title_fullStr Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
title_short Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review
title_sort multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders a narrative review
topic classic multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
epiphenomenon multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
multimodal imaging
secondary multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
url http://ies.ijo.cn/en_publish/2025/9/20250920.pdf
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