Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions
<b>Background</b>: Compared to soybean oil intravenous fat emulsion (SO-IFE), use of mixed-oil IFE (MO-IFE) is associated with reduced rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> species (CoNS) in pediatric patients rece...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/484 |
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| author | Gustavo R. Alvira-Arill Oscar R. Herrera Jeremy S. Stultz Brian M. Peters |
| author_facet | Gustavo R. Alvira-Arill Oscar R. Herrera Jeremy S. Stultz Brian M. Peters |
| author_sort | Gustavo R. Alvira-Arill |
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| description | <b>Background</b>: Compared to soybean oil intravenous fat emulsion (SO-IFE), use of mixed-oil IFE (MO-IFE) is associated with reduced rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> species (CoNS) in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition. <b>Methods</b>: Using an in vitro biofilm model, this study aimed to assess the impact of IFEs on biofilm formation among <i>Staphylococcus</i> species. <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. capitis</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>S. haemolyticus</i>, <i>S. hominis</i>, and <i>S. lugdunensis</i> were cultivated as biofilms in media supplemented with SO-IFE, MO-IFE, or fish oil IFE (IFE). Biomass was quantified by the crystal violet method, and follow-up planktonic growth assays assessed antimicrobial effects of IFEs. <b>Results</b>: Compared to SO-IFE, MO-IFE and FO-IFE significantly inhibited biofilm formation of <i>S. aureus</i> but did not impact planktonic growth. Contrary to clinical data, CoNS biofilm formation was not impacted by any of the IFEs tested. <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm inhibition in IFEs was further investigated by comparing differences following growth in SO-IFE supplemented with capric acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) to concentrations matching those of MO-IFE. Capric acid supplementation was associated with significant reduction in biofilm formation compared to SO-IFE alone. However, this was attributed to a bactericidal effect based on follow-up planktonic growth assays. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that biofilm formation in <i>S. aureus</i> is variably impacted by fatty acid composition in clinically relevant IFEs, with capric acid exhibiting bactericidal activity against tested isolates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-39eec94e8b2a48e8bc6cc83dcbc2792e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-39eec94e8b2a48e8bc6cc83dcbc2792e2025-08-20T01:56:24ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-05-0114548410.3390/antibiotics14050484Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat EmulsionsGustavo R. Alvira-Arill0Oscar R. Herrera1Jeremy S. Stultz2Brian M. Peters3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA<b>Background</b>: Compared to soybean oil intravenous fat emulsion (SO-IFE), use of mixed-oil IFE (MO-IFE) is associated with reduced rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> species (CoNS) in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition. <b>Methods</b>: Using an in vitro biofilm model, this study aimed to assess the impact of IFEs on biofilm formation among <i>Staphylococcus</i> species. <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. capitis</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>S. haemolyticus</i>, <i>S. hominis</i>, and <i>S. lugdunensis</i> were cultivated as biofilms in media supplemented with SO-IFE, MO-IFE, or fish oil IFE (IFE). Biomass was quantified by the crystal violet method, and follow-up planktonic growth assays assessed antimicrobial effects of IFEs. <b>Results</b>: Compared to SO-IFE, MO-IFE and FO-IFE significantly inhibited biofilm formation of <i>S. aureus</i> but did not impact planktonic growth. Contrary to clinical data, CoNS biofilm formation was not impacted by any of the IFEs tested. <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm inhibition in IFEs was further investigated by comparing differences following growth in SO-IFE supplemented with capric acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) to concentrations matching those of MO-IFE. Capric acid supplementation was associated with significant reduction in biofilm formation compared to SO-IFE alone. However, this was attributed to a bactericidal effect based on follow-up planktonic growth assays. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that biofilm formation in <i>S. aureus</i> is variably impacted by fatty acid composition in clinically relevant IFEs, with capric acid exhibiting bactericidal activity against tested isolates.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/484biofilmcatheter-related infectionsfat emulsionsintravenousparenteral nutrition<i>Staphylococcus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo R. Alvira-Arill Oscar R. Herrera Jeremy S. Stultz Brian M. Peters Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions Antibiotics biofilm catheter-related infections fat emulsions intravenous parenteral nutrition <i>Staphylococcus</i> |
| title | Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions |
| title_full | Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions |
| title_short | Heterogeneity of Biofilm Formation Among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Coagulase-Negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species in Clinically Relevant Intravenous Fat Emulsions |
| title_sort | heterogeneity of biofilm formation among i staphylococcus aureus i and coagulase negative i staphylococcus i species in clinically relevant intravenous fat emulsions |
| topic | biofilm catheter-related infections fat emulsions intravenous parenteral nutrition <i>Staphylococcus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/484 |
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