Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis

Objectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with ETV6::CHIC2 and basophilia is rare in hematologic malignancies with poor prognosis. Due to the small number of clinical cases, it is misdiagnosed and missed frequently, and it is necessary to explore laboratory detection for accurate diagnosis.Methods We...

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Main Authors: Li Ma, Yun Yue, Xia Zhang, Zhongfeng Wu, Wei Wang, Weiguo Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Hematology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2024.2381170
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author Li Ma
Yun Yue
Xia Zhang
Zhongfeng Wu
Wei Wang
Weiguo Wang
author_facet Li Ma
Yun Yue
Xia Zhang
Zhongfeng Wu
Wei Wang
Weiguo Wang
author_sort Li Ma
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with ETV6::CHIC2 and basophilia is rare in hematologic malignancies with poor prognosis. Due to the small number of clinical cases, it is misdiagnosed and missed frequently, and it is necessary to explore laboratory detection for accurate diagnosis.Methods We report a case of AML with ETV6::CHIC2 and basophilia by morphological screening, immunotyping with precise gating, interpretation of FISH results, and RNA transcriptome sequencing, thus laying the accurate diagnosis for clinical treatment.Results We confirmed a rare case of AML with ETV6::CHIC2 rather than FIP1L1::PDGFRA by morphological analysis, correct immunophenotyping via precise gating, rejecting one-sided view of FISH positive result and targeted RNA sequencing. Precise analysis and more advanced means avoid misdiagnosis and missed frequently. After accurate diagnosis, venetoclax and decitabine therapy were given instead of imatinib; eventually, the patient achieved a relatively good effect.Discussion Immunophenotype analysis is necessary to detect the expression of CD7 when encountering pseudo-lymphocytes with multilineage dysplasia and basophilia. FISH and RT–PCR are still indispensable means of diagnosis of fusion genes in hematologic malignancies but can only detect a limited number of known partner genes and fusion genes with known break points. NGS can achieve sequence analysis indiscriminately and detect all fusion transcripts theoretically, greatly improving the detection range. NGS sequencing is required for t(4;12)(q11;p13) in AML that are not accompanied by eosinophilia.
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spelling doaj-art-39e8fbb0c1de44d58f2f15801c650ae12025-08-20T02:50:19ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHematology1607-84542024-12-0129110.1080/16078454.2024.2381170Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosisLi Ma0Yun Yue1Xia Zhang2Zhongfeng Wu3Wei Wang4Weiguo Wang5Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang, People’s Republic of ChinaObjectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with ETV6::CHIC2 and basophilia is rare in hematologic malignancies with poor prognosis. Due to the small number of clinical cases, it is misdiagnosed and missed frequently, and it is necessary to explore laboratory detection for accurate diagnosis.Methods We report a case of AML with ETV6::CHIC2 and basophilia by morphological screening, immunotyping with precise gating, interpretation of FISH results, and RNA transcriptome sequencing, thus laying the accurate diagnosis for clinical treatment.Results We confirmed a rare case of AML with ETV6::CHIC2 rather than FIP1L1::PDGFRA by morphological analysis, correct immunophenotyping via precise gating, rejecting one-sided view of FISH positive result and targeted RNA sequencing. Precise analysis and more advanced means avoid misdiagnosis and missed frequently. After accurate diagnosis, venetoclax and decitabine therapy were given instead of imatinib; eventually, the patient achieved a relatively good effect.Discussion Immunophenotype analysis is necessary to detect the expression of CD7 when encountering pseudo-lymphocytes with multilineage dysplasia and basophilia. FISH and RT–PCR are still indispensable means of diagnosis of fusion genes in hematologic malignancies but can only detect a limited number of known partner genes and fusion genes with known break points. NGS can achieve sequence analysis indiscriminately and detect all fusion transcripts theoretically, greatly improving the detection range. NGS sequencing is required for t(4;12)(q11;p13) in AML that are not accompanied by eosinophilia.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2024.2381170Acute myeloid leukemiaETV6::CHIC2; basophiliaflow cytometryETV6::PDGFRANext Generation Sequencingimmunophenotype
spellingShingle Li Ma
Yun Yue
Xia Zhang
Zhongfeng Wu
Wei Wang
Weiguo Wang
Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
Hematology
Acute myeloid leukemia
ETV6::CHIC2; basophilia
flow cytometry
ETV6::PDGFRA
Next Generation Sequencing
immunophenotype
title Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
title_full Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
title_fullStr Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
title_short Acute myeloid leukemia with ETV6::CHIC2 fusion gene: ‘Pitfalls’ in diagnosis
title_sort acute myeloid leukemia with etv6 chic2 fusion gene pitfalls in diagnosis
topic Acute myeloid leukemia
ETV6::CHIC2; basophilia
flow cytometry
ETV6::PDGFRA
Next Generation Sequencing
immunophenotype
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2024.2381170
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