Avian influenza overview March – April 2023

Abstract Between 2 March and 28 April 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, outbreaks were reported in domestic (106) and wild (610) birds across 24 countries in Europe. Poultry outbreaks occurred less frequently compared to the previous reporting period and c...

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Main Authors: European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Cornelia Adlhoch, Alice Fusaro, José L Gonzales, Thijs Kuiken, Grazina Mirinaviciute, Éric Niqueux, Karl Stahl, Christoph Staubach, Calogero Terregino, Alessandro Broglia, Lisa Kohnle, Francesca Baldinelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-06-01
Series:EFSA Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8039
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author European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
Cornelia Adlhoch
Alice Fusaro
José L Gonzales
Thijs Kuiken
Grazina Mirinaviciute
Éric Niqueux
Karl Stahl
Christoph Staubach
Calogero Terregino
Alessandro Broglia
Lisa Kohnle
Francesca Baldinelli
author_facet European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
Cornelia Adlhoch
Alice Fusaro
José L Gonzales
Thijs Kuiken
Grazina Mirinaviciute
Éric Niqueux
Karl Stahl
Christoph Staubach
Calogero Terregino
Alessandro Broglia
Lisa Kohnle
Francesca Baldinelli
author_sort European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Between 2 March and 28 April 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, outbreaks were reported in domestic (106) and wild (610) birds across 24 countries in Europe. Poultry outbreaks occurred less frequently compared to the previous reporting period and compared to spring 2022. Most of these outbreaks were classified as primary outbreaks without secondary spread and some of them associated with atypical disease presentation, in particular low mortality. In wild birds, black‐headed gulls continued to be heavily affected, while also other threatened wild bird species, such as the peregrine falcon, showed increased mortality. The ongoing epidemic in black‐headed gulls, many of which breed inland, may increase the risk for poultry, especially in July–August, when first‐year birds disperse from the breeding colonies. HPAI A(H5N1) virus also continued to expand in the Americas, including in mammalian species, and is expected to reach the Antarctic in the near future. HPAI virus infections were detected in six mammal species, particularly in marine mammals and mustelids, for the first time, while the viruses currently circulating in Europe retain a preferential binding for avian‐like receptors. Since 13 March 2022 and as of 10 May 2023, two A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus detections in humans were reported from China (1), and Chile (1), as well as three A(H9N2) and one A(H3N8) human infections in China. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA, and low to moderate for occupationally or otherwise exposed people.
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spelling doaj-art-39e00430e69c435aaa1ff5dd846bcc062025-08-20T02:09:47ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322023-06-01216n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8039Avian influenza overview March – April 2023European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian InfluenzaCornelia AdlhochAlice FusaroJosé L GonzalesThijs KuikenGrazina MirinaviciuteÉric NiqueuxKarl StahlChristoph StaubachCalogero TerreginoAlessandro BrogliaLisa KohnleFrancesca BaldinelliAbstract Between 2 March and 28 April 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, outbreaks were reported in domestic (106) and wild (610) birds across 24 countries in Europe. Poultry outbreaks occurred less frequently compared to the previous reporting period and compared to spring 2022. Most of these outbreaks were classified as primary outbreaks without secondary spread and some of them associated with atypical disease presentation, in particular low mortality. In wild birds, black‐headed gulls continued to be heavily affected, while also other threatened wild bird species, such as the peregrine falcon, showed increased mortality. The ongoing epidemic in black‐headed gulls, many of which breed inland, may increase the risk for poultry, especially in July–August, when first‐year birds disperse from the breeding colonies. HPAI A(H5N1) virus also continued to expand in the Americas, including in mammalian species, and is expected to reach the Antarctic in the near future. HPAI virus infections were detected in six mammal species, particularly in marine mammals and mustelids, for the first time, while the viruses currently circulating in Europe retain a preferential binding for avian‐like receptors. Since 13 March 2022 and as of 10 May 2023, two A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus detections in humans were reported from China (1), and Chile (1), as well as three A(H9N2) and one A(H3N8) human infections in China. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA, and low to moderate for occupationally or otherwise exposed people.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8039avian influenzacaptive birdsHPAIhumansmonitoringpoultry
spellingShingle European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
Cornelia Adlhoch
Alice Fusaro
José L Gonzales
Thijs Kuiken
Grazina Mirinaviciute
Éric Niqueux
Karl Stahl
Christoph Staubach
Calogero Terregino
Alessandro Broglia
Lisa Kohnle
Francesca Baldinelli
Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
EFSA Journal
avian influenza
captive birds
HPAI
humans
monitoring
poultry
title Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
title_full Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
title_fullStr Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
title_full_unstemmed Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
title_short Avian influenza overview March – April 2023
title_sort avian influenza overview march april 2023
topic avian influenza
captive birds
HPAI
humans
monitoring
poultry
url https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8039
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