A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance

<b>Background</b>: This sport involves the integration of various capabilities and mechanisms, including cognitive, physiological, and biomechanical components, that allow the athlete to perform in competition. However, to date, no systematic review has analyzed the indicators that are d...

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Main Authors: Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño, Aura Daniela Montenegro-Bonilla, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Sam Hernández-Jaña, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, José M. Gamonales, José Pino-Ortega, José Francisco López-Gil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/205
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author Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño
Aura Daniela Montenegro-Bonilla
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
Sam Hernández-Jaña
Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
Daniel Rojas-Valverde
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
José M. Gamonales
José Pino-Ortega
José Francisco López-Gil
author_facet Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño
Aura Daniela Montenegro-Bonilla
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
Sam Hernández-Jaña
Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
Daniel Rojas-Valverde
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
José M. Gamonales
José Pino-Ortega
José Francisco López-Gil
author_sort Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: This sport involves the integration of various capabilities and mechanisms, including cognitive, physiological, and biomechanical components, that allow the athlete to perform in competition. However, to date, no systematic review has analyzed the indicators that are decisive for sports performance in Bicycle Motocross (BMX). The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the performance variables in BMX and establish recommendations for researchers and trainers. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This systematic review uses the guidelines of the PRISMA statement and the guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports sciences. The search approach, along with the selection criteria and additional details, were previously noted in the prospective registry (INPLASY202480036). The quality of the evidence was evaluated via the PEDro scale. <b>Results</b>: The 21 studies that make up the sample of this systematic review have a total sample of 287 athletes. However, in the studies analyzed, there are five main categories for the study of performance in BMX: (i) physiological profile and BMX and bicarbonate; (ii) BMX and physical characteristics (power, speed, and sprint); (iii) translation and rotational acceleration and systems and implements; (iv) psychological variables; and (v) skills and techniques. <b>Conclusions</b>: This systematic review provides convincing evidence regarding the influence of several factors that can determine performance in BMX, including P<sub>max</sub>, cadence, neuromuscular capacity, feedback and cognitive training, accelerometry and video analysis, anaerobic–aerobic relationships, physical conditioning, strength, and speed.
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spelling doaj-art-39df21b9bfa34380b8aaefbbc685f9842025-08-20T03:27:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-06-0110220510.3390/jfmk10020205A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport PerformanceBoryi A. Becerra-Patiño0Aura Daniela Montenegro-Bonilla1Jorge Olivares-Arancibia2Sam Hernández-Jaña3Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda4Daniel Rojas-Valverde5Víctor Hernández-Beltrán6José M. Gamonales7José Pino-Ortega8José Francisco López-Gil9Faculty of Physical Education, National Pedagogical University, Bogotá 480100, ColombiaFaculty of Physical Education, National Pedagogical University, Bogotá 480100, ColombiaAFySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, ChileIRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2530388, ChileFaculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, ChileCentro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa RicaTraining Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, SpainTraining Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, SpainFaculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainSchool of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador<b>Background</b>: This sport involves the integration of various capabilities and mechanisms, including cognitive, physiological, and biomechanical components, that allow the athlete to perform in competition. However, to date, no systematic review has analyzed the indicators that are decisive for sports performance in Bicycle Motocross (BMX). The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the performance variables in BMX and establish recommendations for researchers and trainers. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This systematic review uses the guidelines of the PRISMA statement and the guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports sciences. The search approach, along with the selection criteria and additional details, were previously noted in the prospective registry (INPLASY202480036). The quality of the evidence was evaluated via the PEDro scale. <b>Results</b>: The 21 studies that make up the sample of this systematic review have a total sample of 287 athletes. However, in the studies analyzed, there are five main categories for the study of performance in BMX: (i) physiological profile and BMX and bicarbonate; (ii) BMX and physical characteristics (power, speed, and sprint); (iii) translation and rotational acceleration and systems and implements; (iv) psychological variables; and (v) skills and techniques. <b>Conclusions</b>: This systematic review provides convincing evidence regarding the influence of several factors that can determine performance in BMX, including P<sub>max</sub>, cadence, neuromuscular capacity, feedback and cognitive training, accelerometry and video analysis, anaerobic–aerobic relationships, physical conditioning, strength, and speed.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/205physical abilitiespsychological factorscyclingprofilesport performance
spellingShingle Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño
Aura Daniela Montenegro-Bonilla
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
Sam Hernández-Jaña
Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
Daniel Rojas-Valverde
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
José M. Gamonales
José Pino-Ortega
José Francisco López-Gil
A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
physical abilities
psychological factors
cycling
profile
sport performance
title A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
title_full A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
title_fullStr A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
title_short A Systematic Review of Bicycle Motocross: Influence of Physiological, Biomechanical, Physical, and Psychological Indicators on Sport Performance
title_sort systematic review of bicycle motocross influence of physiological biomechanical physical and psychological indicators on sport performance
topic physical abilities
psychological factors
cycling
profile
sport performance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/205
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