Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004

Abstract Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of nutritional status. The association between PhA and all-cause mortality has been confirmed in older adults, but no relevant studies have been conducted in adults aged 18–49 years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PhA and all-cause...

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Main Authors: Xian-xin Xia, Chuan-xiang Li, Xin-xin Xue, Ya-jun Chen, Fang He, Hong-rong Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86825-y
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author Xian-xin Xia
Chuan-xiang Li
Xin-xin Xue
Ya-jun Chen
Fang He
Hong-rong Guo
author_facet Xian-xin Xia
Chuan-xiang Li
Xin-xin Xue
Ya-jun Chen
Fang He
Hong-rong Guo
author_sort Xian-xin Xia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of nutritional status. The association between PhA and all-cause mortality has been confirmed in older adults, but no relevant studies have been conducted in adults aged 18–49 years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PhA and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years. Our study included 6338 adults aged 18–49 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve, multiple Cox regression and stratified analyses were performed. These adults were divided into two groups based on the median PhA value (the low PhA group: PhA < 6.96°; the high PhA group: PhA ≥ 6.96°). During a median follow-up of 214 months, 307 all-cause deaths were recorded. The all-cause mortality rate was 5.07% in the low PhA group and 3.98% in the high PhA group. After full adjustment, a higher PhA value was significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.73,95CI%:0.59–0.91, P = 0.005). Similarly, compared with those in the low PhA group, individuals in the high PhA group had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98, P = 0.041). There was an interaction between smoking status and PhA (P for interaction = 0.029), with a statistically significant negative association between PhA and all-cause mortality in the non-smokers (HR:0.62, 95%CI:0.53–0.88, P = 0.003). In conclusion, there was a significant negative association between PhA and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years. The negative association was stronger in non-smokers.
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spelling doaj-art-39b87cc6f1604fc3994f39de873210f72025-01-26T12:23:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511910.1038/s41598-025-86825-yAssociation between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004Xian-xin Xia0Chuan-xiang Li1Xin-xin Xue2Ya-jun Chen3Fang He4Hong-rong Guo5Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Third Hospital of WuhanAbstract Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of nutritional status. The association between PhA and all-cause mortality has been confirmed in older adults, but no relevant studies have been conducted in adults aged 18–49 years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PhA and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years. Our study included 6338 adults aged 18–49 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve, multiple Cox regression and stratified analyses were performed. These adults were divided into two groups based on the median PhA value (the low PhA group: PhA < 6.96°; the high PhA group: PhA ≥ 6.96°). During a median follow-up of 214 months, 307 all-cause deaths were recorded. The all-cause mortality rate was 5.07% in the low PhA group and 3.98% in the high PhA group. After full adjustment, a higher PhA value was significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.73,95CI%:0.59–0.91, P = 0.005). Similarly, compared with those in the low PhA group, individuals in the high PhA group had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98, P = 0.041). There was an interaction between smoking status and PhA (P for interaction = 0.029), with a statistically significant negative association between PhA and all-cause mortality in the non-smokers (HR:0.62, 95%CI:0.53–0.88, P = 0.003). In conclusion, there was a significant negative association between PhA and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years. The negative association was stronger in non-smokers.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86825-yNutritional statusPhase angleAll-cause mortalityNHANES
spellingShingle Xian-xin Xia
Chuan-xiang Li
Xin-xin Xue
Ya-jun Chen
Fang He
Hong-rong Guo
Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
Scientific Reports
Nutritional status
Phase angle
All-cause mortality
NHANES
title Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
title_full Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
title_fullStr Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
title_full_unstemmed Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
title_short Association between phase angle and all-cause mortality in adults aged 18–49 years: NHANES 1999–2004
title_sort association between phase angle and all cause mortality in adults aged 18 49 years nhanes 1999 2004
topic Nutritional status
Phase angle
All-cause mortality
NHANES
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86825-y
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