The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Preoperative fasting in children is necessary to prevent aspiration pneumonia, but prolonged fasting can lead to hypoglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Preoperative carbohydrate loading, part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (E...

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Main Authors: Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan, Christopher Kapuangan, Raihanita Zahra, Rahendra Rahendra, Komang Ayu Ferdiana, Titis Prawitasari, Willy Yant Kartolo, Ivana Firman, Andana Haris, Nathasha Brigitta Selene
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Pediatric Surgery Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949711625000097
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author Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan
Christopher Kapuangan
Raihanita Zahra
Rahendra Rahendra
Komang Ayu Ferdiana
Titis Prawitasari
Willy Yant Kartolo
Ivana Firman
Andana Haris
Nathasha Brigitta Selene
author_facet Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan
Christopher Kapuangan
Raihanita Zahra
Rahendra Rahendra
Komang Ayu Ferdiana
Titis Prawitasari
Willy Yant Kartolo
Ivana Firman
Andana Haris
Nathasha Brigitta Selene
author_sort Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Preoperative fasting in children is necessary to prevent aspiration pneumonia, but prolonged fasting can lead to hypoglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Preoperative carbohydrate loading, part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), may alleviate discomfort and improve recovery. Methods: This controlled trial randomized 137 children aged 1 to 12 years undergoing elective surgery lasting <6 h into two groups: Carbohydrate-Electrolyte (CE) fluid (n = 67) and clear water (CW) (n = 70). Participants received 50 mL/kg of the assigned fluid following the standard 6–4–1 fasting regimen (solid food, breast milk, clear fluids). Primary outcomes included comparisons of blood glucose and electrolyte levels before and after induction. Secondary outcomes assessed preoperative anxiety, thirst, hunger, PONV, emergence delirium (ED), and pain scores. Results: Blood glucose levels remained within normal limits with no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05), with the CW group exhibiting lower mean glucose levels. Electrolyte levels were similar across groups. Preoperative anxiety, hunger, and postoperative pain showed no significant differences, while preoperative thirst was higher in the CW group (P = 0.040). ED occurred in 5.9 % of patients, with significantly lower scores in the CE group (P = 0.010). Postoperative nausea was more prevalent in the CW group (19.1 %) compared to the CE group (6 %) (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Preoperative CE fluid administration stabilizes blood glucose and electrolyte levels while reducing preoperative thirst, postoperative nausea, and potentially ED compared to CW. These indicate that CE fluids may improve perioperative comfort and outcomes in pediatric patients.
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spelling doaj-art-39aaae16a9f64cc7ab60db2d0631f35a2025-08-20T02:25:01ZengElsevierJournal of Pediatric Surgery Open2949-71162025-04-011010020010.1016/j.yjpso.2025.100200The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trialAndi Ade Wijaya Ramlan0Christopher Kapuangan1Raihanita Zahra2Rahendra Rahendra3Komang Ayu Ferdiana4Titis Prawitasari5Willy Yant Kartolo6Ivana Firman7Andana Haris8Nathasha Brigitta Selene9Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Corresponding author at: Jl. Diponegoro No 71, Central Jakarta, Postal code 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia.Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Child's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaIntroduction: Preoperative fasting in children is necessary to prevent aspiration pneumonia, but prolonged fasting can lead to hypoglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Preoperative carbohydrate loading, part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), may alleviate discomfort and improve recovery. Methods: This controlled trial randomized 137 children aged 1 to 12 years undergoing elective surgery lasting <6 h into two groups: Carbohydrate-Electrolyte (CE) fluid (n = 67) and clear water (CW) (n = 70). Participants received 50 mL/kg of the assigned fluid following the standard 6–4–1 fasting regimen (solid food, breast milk, clear fluids). Primary outcomes included comparisons of blood glucose and electrolyte levels before and after induction. Secondary outcomes assessed preoperative anxiety, thirst, hunger, PONV, emergence delirium (ED), and pain scores. Results: Blood glucose levels remained within normal limits with no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05), with the CW group exhibiting lower mean glucose levels. Electrolyte levels were similar across groups. Preoperative anxiety, hunger, and postoperative pain showed no significant differences, while preoperative thirst was higher in the CW group (P = 0.040). ED occurred in 5.9 % of patients, with significantly lower scores in the CE group (P = 0.010). Postoperative nausea was more prevalent in the CW group (19.1 %) compared to the CE group (6 %) (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Preoperative CE fluid administration stabilizes blood glucose and electrolyte levels while reducing preoperative thirst, postoperative nausea, and potentially ED compared to CW. These indicate that CE fluids may improve perioperative comfort and outcomes in pediatric patients.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949711625000097Oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solutionEnhanced recovery after surgeryPostoperative nausea and vomitingEmergent deliriumPostoperative pain
spellingShingle Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan
Christopher Kapuangan
Raihanita Zahra
Rahendra Rahendra
Komang Ayu Ferdiana
Titis Prawitasari
Willy Yant Kartolo
Ivana Firman
Andana Haris
Nathasha Brigitta Selene
The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Open
Oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution
Enhanced recovery after surgery
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Emergent delirium
Postoperative pain
title The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
title_full The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
title_fullStr The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
title_full_unstemmed The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
title_short The effectiveness of per-oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
title_sort effectiveness of per oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution for enhanced recovery after surgery eras in pediatric surgery a randomized clinical trial
topic Oral carbohydrate and electrolyte solution
Enhanced recovery after surgery
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Emergent delirium
Postoperative pain
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949711625000097
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